{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T17:15:29Z","timestamp":1791134129629,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Bile is deemed a sterile fluid, with the presence of clinical conditions like cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, previous biliary interventions, biliary strictures, and so on, leading to bile stasis, and increases the chances of bacteriobilia. In this study, we recognize the bacterial spectrum of microorganisms isolated from bile samples, diagnostic parameters, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective observational study was carried out by compiling data from the hospital information system of a tertiary care center from 2021 to 2022 to evaluate biliary infections in patients who underwent surgical procedures related to the biliary tract and associated organs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 234 patients\u2019 bile samples were included in our study. The mean age of patients was 48.04 \u00b1 14.74 years, with more patients below the age of 65 years among those with infected bile samples. One hundred and sixty-three (163\/234, 69.66%) patients infected by 209 pathogenic microorganisms were recognized. The most common microorganism isolated was\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      (83\/209, 39.71%), followed by\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      (37\/209, 17.7%).\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n                      and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolate owed to more than 90% penicillin, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, carbapenem, and fluoroquinolone resistance among all isolates. Length of hospital stay, malignant obstruction, and chronic kidney disease were identified as statistically significant risk factors that lead to the isolation of multi-drug-resistant isolates from bile culture.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recognized the spectrum of pathogens causing biliary tract infections at our center along with the antibiotic resistance pattern to guide and facilitate prompt and appropriate treatment by primary health care professionals and family medicine practitioners.<\/jats:p>\n                  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