{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T22:35:24Z","timestamp":1792708524086,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,1]],"date-time":"2020-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598918400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>COVID-19 was labeled as a pandemic in March 2020. Healthcare workers (HCW) are confronting great mental stressors in coping with the crisis. In Saudi Arabia, research on the psychological effect of COVID-19 on HCW is lacking.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate COVID-19 psychological impact on HCW and determine anxiety predictors to identify high-risk individuals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on HCW in First Health Cluster Institutes in Eastern Province. An English self-administered questionnaire was adopted from similar research done in China. The original questionnaires were modified to meet the objectives of our study and suit Saudi sociodemographic differences. Generalized anxiety disorder-7 scale was incorporated to be the main tool for assessing the psychological impact.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      One-third of HCW were classified as having anxiety disorder. In univariate analyses, the age group in years (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.026), gender (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), nationality (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.033), and living with family (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.007) significantly influenced anxiety disorder. However, in the multivariate regression model, gender (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.004), living with family (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.021), family history of COVID-19 (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.022), and been suspected or confirmed with COVID-19 infection (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.018) remained statistically significant when compared to anxiety disorder.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>During early COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety disorder among HCW was noticeable. Being a female, living with family members, and having a family history of COVID-19 increased the risk for anxiety disorder.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_674_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T08:49:53Z","timestamp":1601196593000},"page":"4904-4910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety among healthcare workers: A cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Esra H.","family":"Alzaid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Specialist Hospital- Dammam, E1-First Health Cluster, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Safa S.","family":"Alsaad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Specialist Hospital- Dammam, E1-First Health Cluster, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nariman","family":"Alshakhis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health, King Fahad Specialist Hospital- Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doaa","family":"Albagshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Erada Mental Health Complex, King Fahad Specialist Hospital- Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rania","family":"Albesher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"King Fahad Specialist Hospital- Dammam, E1-First Health Cluster, Dammam, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Aloqaili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alfarabi Colleges, King Fahad Specialist Hospital- Dammam, Saudi 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after the outbreak","volume":"52","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"R9-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2018.10.003","article-title":"Psychological impact of the 2015 MERS outbreak on hospital workers and quarantined hemodialysis patients","volume":"87","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"R10-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-5-200703060-00004","article-title":"Anxiety disorders in primary care: Prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection","volume":"146","author":"Kroenke","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"R13-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268820001107","article-title":"The prevalence and influencing factors for anxiety in medical workers fighting COVID-19 in China: A cross-sectional survey medRxiv","author":"Liu","year":"2020"},{"key":"R14-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2105.141988","article-title":"Ebola and psychological stress of health care professionals","volume":"21","author":"Lehmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"R15-20260813","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2020.05.021","article-title":"The psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in a MERS-CoV endemic country","volume":"13","author":"Temsah","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary 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