{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:32:19Z","timestamp":1786739539630,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Snakebite is a public health problem in rural areas of South Asia, Africa and South America presenting mostly in primary care. Climate change and associated extreme weather events are expected to modify the snake-human-environment interface leading to a change in the burden of snakebite. Understanding this change is essential to ensure the preparedness of primary care and public health systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched five electronic databases and supplemented them with other methods to identify eight studies on the effect of climate change on the burden of snakebite. We summarised the results thematically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Available evidence is limited but estimates a geographic shift in risk of snakebite: northwards in North America and southwards in South America and in Mozambique. One study from Sri Lanka estimated a 31.3% increase in the incidence of snakebite. Based on limited evidence, the incidence of snakebite was not associated with tropical storms\/hurricanes and droughts in the United States but associated with heatwaves in Israel.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impact of climate change and associated extreme weather events and anthropogenic changes on mortality, morbidity and socioeconomic burden of snakebite. Transdisciplinary approaches can help understand these complex phenomena better. There is almost no evidence available in high-burden nations of South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Community-based approaches for biodiversity and prevention, the institution of longitudinal studies, together with improving the resilience of primary care and public health systems are required to mitigate the impact of climate change on snakebite.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_677_22","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,9]],"date-time":"2022-11-09T05:53:22Z","timestamp":1667973202000},"page":"6147-6158","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The impact of climate change on the burden of snakebite: Evidence synthesis and implications for primary healthcare"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Soumyadeep","family":"Bhaumik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India"},{"name":"Meta-Research and Evidence Synthesis Unit, The George Institute for Global Health, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deepti","family":"Beri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jagnoor","family":"Jagnoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"},{"name":"Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e218","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050218","article-title":"The global burden of snakebite:A literature analysis and modelling based on regional estimates of envenoming and deaths","volume":"5","author":"Kasturiratne","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"R2-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v58i3.6101","article-title":"Snakebite:The true disease burden has yet to be determined","volume":"58","author":"de Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ceylon Med J"},{"key":"R3-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4997\/jrcpe.2021.102","article-title":"The global burden of snake bite envenoming","volume":"51","author":"Bawaskar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Edinb"},{"key":"R4-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e837","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30225-6","article-title":"WHO's snakebite envenoming strategy for prevention and control","volume":"7","author":"Minghui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Global Health"},{"key":"R5-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocon.2010.12.001","article-title":"Decline of an isolated timber rattlesnake (Crotalus horridus) population:Interactions between climate change, disease, and loss of genetic diversity","volume":"144","author":"Clark","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol Conserv"},{"key":"R6-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1670\/18-054","article-title":"Food spectrum of common kraits (Bungarus caeruleus):An implication for snakebite prevention and snake conservation","volume":"54","author":"Deb","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Herpetol"},{"key":"R7-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-015-0600-3","article-title":"Detecting and attributing the effects of climate change on the distributions of snake species over the past 50 years","volume":"57","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Manage"},{"key":"R10-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaf7271","article-title":"How climate change affects extreme weather events","volume":"352","author":"Stott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"R12-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00074","article-title":"The impact of climate change on mental health:A systematic descriptive review","volume":"11","author":"Cianconi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"R13-20260527","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34906","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-020-09992-7","article-title":"How climate change can affect cholera incidence and prevalence? 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