{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T20:29:17Z","timestamp":1786739357345,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pleuroscopy is an appropriate technique for visualization and biopsy of the pleural lesions, performed by two different techniques. In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of semi-rigid and rigid pleuroscopy in patients with lymphocyte dominant exudative pleural effusion.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, patients with lymphocyte dominant pleural effusion with negative results for tuberculosis who referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital, Ahvaz, Iran; from 2018 to 2019 were selected by census method and randomized to undergo semi-rigid or rigid pleuroscopy (30 in each group). Patients' demographic, such as age and gender, were recorded and the pathologic results reported by the two pleuroscopy methods were compared and sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were reported for each method. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS v. 21.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty patients were included in each group. The frequency of tuberculosis, malignancy, and other causes of pleural effusion had no difference between the two methods (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &gt; 0.05). Semirigid pleuroscopy had a sensitivity of 81.5%, specificity of 66.6%, PPV of 75.6%, and NPV of 74%, while the relevant values in rigid pleuroscopy were 87.2%, 68.4%, 87.2%, and 68.4%, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results, consistent with previous studies, indicated that both semi-rigid and semi-flexible pleuroscopy methods are accurate for diagnosis of lymphocyte dominant pleural effusion when performed by skilled specialists and other considerations, such as availability and costs, can be used for selection of each method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_703_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T06:48:16Z","timestamp":1604040496000},"page":"5256-5260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of semi-rigid and rigid pleuroscopy in diagnosis of exudative lymphocyte dominant pleural effusion with"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Hamid","family":"Borsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Farahnak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanieh","family":"Raji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam Haddadzadeh","family":"Shooshtari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behnam","family":"Pirhayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonology, Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2011685","article-title":"Diagnosis of pleural effusion: A systematic approach","volume":"20","author":"McGrath","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"R2-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2011.08.005","article-title":"Pleural effusions","volume":"95","author":"Light","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"R3-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.2147\/OAEM.S29942","article-title":"Pleural effusion: Diagnosis, treatment, and management","volume":"4","author":"Karkhanis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Open Access Emerg Med"},{"key":"R4-20260528","first-page":"99","article-title":"Diagnostic approach to pleural effusion","volume":"90","author":"Saguil","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"R5-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E291","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.170420","article-title":"Evaluation of the patient with pleural effusion","volume":"190","author":"Beaudoin","year":"2018","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"R6-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2010.01794.x","article-title":"Pearls and myths in pleural fluid analysis","volume":"16","author":"Porcel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic)"},{"key":"R7-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199210","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2014.76.5.199","article-title":"Diagnostic tools of pleural effusion","volume":"76","author":"Na","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis"},{"key":"R8-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2551","article-title":"Pleural fluid procalcitonin to distinguish infectious from noninfectious etiologies of pleural effusions","volume":"11","author":"Khosla","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"R9-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1097\/CPM.0b013e318285ba37","article-title":"The art of pleural fluid analysis","volume":"20","author":"Sahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Pulm Med"},{"key":"R10-20260528","first-page":"1","article-title":"Screening performance characteristic of ultrasonography and radiography in detection of pleural effusion; a metaanalysis","volume":"4","author":"Yousefifard","year":"2016","journal-title":"Emerg (Tehran)"},{"key":"R11-20260528","first-page":"1041","article-title":"Pleural controversies: Image guided biopsy vs? thoracoscopy for undiagnosed pleural effusions","volume":"7","author":"Dixon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"R12-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-2113.95304","article-title":"The role of pleuroscopy in undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion","volume":"29","author":"Prabhu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lung India"},{"key":"R13-20260528","first-page":"97","article-title":"Pleuroscopy: Indications and clinical considerations","volume":"3","author":"McCarty","year":"2014","journal-title":"Shortness Breath"},{"key":"R14-20260528","first-page":"156","article-title":"Medical thoracoscopy\/pleuroscopy: Step by step","volume":"8","author":"Loddenkemper","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Respiratory Soc"},{"key":"R15-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.10-1259","article-title":"Pleuroscopy for diagnosis and therapy for pleural effusions","volume":"138","author":"Michaud","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"R16-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1097\/MCP.0000000000000059","article-title":"Medical thoracoscopy: Rigid thoracoscopy or flexi-rigid pleuroscopy?","volume":"20","author":"Yap","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"R17-20260528","first-page":"S339","article-title":"Thoracoscopy: Medical versus surgical\u2014in the management of pleural diseases","volume":"7","author":"Shojaee","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Thorac Dis"},{"key":"R18-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/resp.12066","article-title":"Rigid versus semi-rigid thoracoscopy for the diagnosis of pleural disease: A randomized pilot study","volume":"18","author":"Rozman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Respirology (Carlton, Vic)"},{"key":"R19-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1097\/LBR.0b013e31824ee45b","article-title":"A comparison of the diagnostic yield of rigid and semirigid thoracoscopes","volume":"19","author":"Khan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Bronchology Interventional Pulmonol"},{"key":"R20-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.02738","article-title":"A randomized trial comparing the diagnostic yield of rigid and semirigid thoracoscopy in undiagnosed pleural effusions","volume":"59","author":"Dhooria","year":"2014","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"R21-20260528","first-page":"227","article-title":"Diagnostic yield of medical thoracoscopy in undiagnosed pleural effusion","volume":"14","author":"Kiani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tanaffos"},{"key":"R22-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.4103\/0300-1652.219349","article-title":"Etiology, clinical characteristics, and management of pleural effusion in Ilorin, Nigeria","volume":"58","author":"Adeoye","year":"2017","journal-title":"Niger Med J"},{"key":"R23-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.26719\/2011.17.7.611","article-title":"Etiology of pleural effusion among adults in the State of Qatar: A 1-year hospital-based study","volume":"17","author":"Khan","year":"2011","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"key":"R24-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejcdt.2014.03.009","article-title":"The diagnostic role of thoracoscope in undiagnosed pleural effusion: Rigid versus flexible","volume":"63","author":"Shaheen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Egypt J Chest Dis Tuberc"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R25-20260528","first-page":"S19","article-title":"Outcome of medical thoracoscopy","volume":"92","author":"Tscheikuna","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thailand"},{"key":"R26-20260528","first-page":"43","article-title":"Value of semirigid thoracoscopy in pleural effusion","volume":"12","author":"Asmita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pulmon"},{"key":"R27-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4321\/S1575-06202015000100002","article-title":"Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: An overview","volume":"17","author":"Ramirez-Lapausa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Esp Sanid Penit"},{"key":"R28-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64915","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064915","article-title":"Prevalence of TB\/HIV co-infection in countries except China: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"R29-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60570-0","article-title":"WHO's new end TB strategy","volume":"385","author":"Uplekar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"R30-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1800098","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.00098-2018","article-title":"The World Health Organization standards for tuberculosis care and management","volume":"51","author":"Gilpin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R31-20260528","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.07.017","article-title":"Prevalence of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Iran: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"42","author":"Nasiri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_703_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T19:28:19Z","timestamp":1786735699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_703_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_703_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-03-25","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-07-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}