{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:17:53Z","timestamp":1787771873399,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Snakebites are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in India despite availability of anti-snake venom and the absence of a large number of highly venomous snakes. This may be attributed to treatment seeking behaviour of the population. The study aims to find out common clinical features, outcome, and delay in arrival time to the hospital in snakebite cases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a cross-sectional retrospective record-based study among the patients presented with a history of snakebites to the Basaveshwara Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Chitradurga, conducted from 1 January 2019 to 31 January 2021.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Out of the 96 patients, the majority of snakebite victims were male and of an age group of 21\u201330 years. The most common site for snakebite was the lower limb, and about 57.2% of patients had visible fang marks. Among snake species identified, the most common was krait bites, followed by cobra bites. Neurotoxic envenomation manifestation and severe presentation were found in almost half (53.1%) of the cases. Almost half of the patients took 1\u20134 hours to arrive at the health facility. Surprisingly, only 35% cases arrived to the health care facility within an hour of snakebite. Most of the patients (82%) recovered with the treatment with very minimal fatality\/mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion and Recommendations:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although half of the patients presented with severe forms, only 35% of the patients arrived within an hour to the health care facility. This indicates the need for an information dissemination system to avoid severe disease as well as to prevent mortality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_743_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]],"date-time":"2024-02-08T06:11:16Z","timestamp":1707372676000},"page":"151-156","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinico-epidemiological profile and outcome of snakebite patients presented to a teaching institute \u2013 A descriptive retrospective review"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"S. Mohan","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, BMCH and RC, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H. K.","family":"Shreekrishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, BMCH and RC, Chitradurga, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yatiraj","family":"Singi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e54076","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.54076","article-title":"Trends in snakebite deaths in India from 2000 to 2019 in a nationally representative mortality study","volume":"9","author":"Suraweera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-017-0127-6","article-title":"Snakebite envenomation turns again into a neglected tropical disease!","volume":"23","author":"Chippaux","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2017.03.008","article-title":"Incidence of fatal snake bite in Australia: A coronial based retrospective study (2000-2016)","volume":"131","author":"Welton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1580\/06-WEME-CO-023R1.1","article-title":"Snakes of medical importance in India: Is the concept of the \u201cBig 4\u201d still relevant and useful?","volume":"18","author":"Simpson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Wilderness Environ Med"},{"key":"R5-20240828","first-page":"885","article-title":"The management of snake bite","volume":"61","author":"Reid","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"R6-20240828","first-page":"132","article-title":"A profile of snake bite poisoning in Jammu region","volume":"85","author":"Virmani","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Indian Med Assoc"},{"key":"R7-20240828","first-page":"1239","article-title":"Snake venom poisoning: Experience with 633 cases","volume":"31","author":"Kulkarni","year":"1994","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6580.139811","article-title":"A study of clinical profile of snake bite at a tertiary care centre","volume":"21","author":"Bhalla","year":"2014","journal-title":"Toxicol Int"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S136153","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiologic profile and predictors of outcome of poisonous snake bites-An analysis of 1,500 cases from a tertiary care center in Malabar, North Kerala, India","volume":"11","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7652","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_890_22","article-title":"Clinical and epidemiological profile of snakebite cases-A study from an industrial teaching hospital at Jamshedpur, Jharkhand, India","volume":"11","author":"Satyanarayan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R13-20240828","first-page":"122","article-title":"A study on the clinico-epidemiological profile and the outcome of snake bite victims in a tertiary care centre in southern India","volume":"7","author":"B","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R14-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2793","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_2377_20","article-title":"Snakebite profile from a tertiary care setup in a largely rural setting in the hills of North-West India","volume":"10","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R15-20240828","first-page":"55","article-title":"Snake bite envenomation in a tertiary care centre","volume":"66","author":"Padhiyar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2017.11.008","article-title":"A retrospective study of clinico-epidemiological profile of snakebite related deaths at a Tertiary care hospital in Midnapore, West Bengal, India","volume":"5","author":"Ghosh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"key":"R17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1785_21","article-title":"A study on the clinical, epidemiological profile and the outcome of the snake bite victims in Kashmir valley","volume":"11","author":"Yaqoob","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R18-20240828","first-page":"319","article-title":"Zoonotic disease control: Baseline epidemiological study on snake-bite treatment and management","volume":"42","year":"1987","journal-title":"Wkly Epidemiol Rec"},{"key":"R19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1018","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001018","article-title":"Snakebite mortality in India: A nationally representative mortality survey","volume":"5","author":"Mohapatra","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R20-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2009\/v2i10.17","article-title":"Snake bite and therapeutic measures: Indian scenario","volume":"2","author":"Meenatchisundaram","year":"2009","journal-title":"Indian J Sci Technol"},{"key":"R21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1408_20","article-title":"Ambispective study of clinical picture, management practices and outcome of snake bite patients at tertiary care centre in Northern India","volume":"10","author":"Jadon","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-557X.128158","article-title":"Epidemiological profile of snake bite in south 24 Parganas district of West Bengal with focus on underreporting of snake bite deaths","volume":"58","author":"Majumder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"R23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2017.07.007","article-title":"A hospital based epidemiological study of snakebite in Paschim Medinipur district, West Bengal, India","volume":"4","author":"Sarkhel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep"},{"key":"R24-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.25259\/NMJI_97_20","article-title":"Retrospective review of case records of snakebite presenting to a single tertiary care centre over a 5-year period","volume":"34","author":"Melit","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"R25-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5336.992","article-title":"Epidemiology of snake bite in north Malaya","volume":"1","author":"Reid","year":"1963","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"R26-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1865-1380-4-41","article-title":"A five-year retrospective review of snakebite patients admitted to a tertiary university hospital in Malaysia","volume":"4","author":"Chew","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"key":"R27-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1976_20","article-title":"The study of clinical profile and outcome of patients with snakebite in a rural community","volume":"10","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R28-20240828","first-page":"632","article-title":"Clinical profile of snake bite in children in rural India","volume":"23","author":"Kshirsagar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"R29-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.128702","article-title":"Snakebite profile from a medical college in rural setting in the hills of Himachal Pradesh, India","volume":"18","author":"Raina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"key":"R30-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Snake bites in Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia","volume":"12","author":"Zulkifli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"R31-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/s13181-016-0555-7","article-title":"Occupational snake bites: A prospective case series of patients reported to the ToxIC North American Snakebite Registry","volume":"12","author":"Spyres","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Med Toxicol"},{"key":"R32-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9185.92434","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of snake victims in Northern India admitted in a tertiary level institute","volume":"28","author":"Ahmed","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"R33-20240828","first-page":"3","article-title":"A hospital based study of snake bite in Chittagong Medical College","volume":"13","author":"Faiz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg"},{"key":"R35-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e603","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000603","article-title":"Snake bite in South Asia: A review","volume":"4","author":"Alirol","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"R38-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-557X.128158","article-title":"Epidemiological profile of snake bite in south 24 Parganas district of West Bengal with focus on underreporting of snake bite deaths","volume":"58","author":"Majumder","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Public Health"},{"key":"R39-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-258X.326767","article-title":"The burden of snakebite envenomation demands a hospital-based registry in India","volume":"34","author":"Rubeshkumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Natl Med J India"},{"key":"R40-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(02)90250-6","article-title":"Profile of snakebite envenoming in western Maharashtra, India","volume":"96","author":"Bawaskar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R41-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.197","article-title":"Protection against snake bites by sleeping under a bed net in southeastern Nepal","volume":"77","author":"Chappuis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"R42-20240828","first-page":"57","article-title":"Acceptability study of protective boots among farmers of Taungdwingyi township","volume":"10","author":"Pe","year":"1998","journal-title":"Myanmar Health Sci Res J"},{"key":"R43-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4103\/ijp.IJP_582_17","article-title":"Need for national strategies for snake envenomations in India","volume":"52","author":"Gupta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Pharmacol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_743_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:19:00Z","timestamp":1787768340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_743_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_743_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863","2278-7135"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"},{"value":"2278-7135","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-04","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-08-02","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}