{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:38:01Z","timestamp":1786649881500,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,1]],"date-time":"2025-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764547200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus increases the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and microvascular complications, which are further exacerbated by hypertension. This study examined the prevalence of uncontrolled blood pressure (BP) and its associated factors among diabetic patients in primary care clinics in Bahrain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was conducted among diabetic patients attending specialized primary care clinics in Bahrain. Data were extracted from electronic medical records, with uncontrolled BP defined as systolic BP \u2265130 mmHg or diastolic BP \u226580 mmHg. Associations were analyzed using the Chi-square test, and logistic regression was used to calculate the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among the 538 patients, 67% had uncontrolled BP. Patients aged &gt;60 years (aOR = 1.68; 95% CI: 1.07\u20132.63), obese individuals (aOR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.09\u20132.73), those on \u22653 antihypertensives (aOR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.24\u20135.35), and those with elevated fasting blood sugar (aOR = 2.52; 95% CI: 1.24\u20135.35) had significantly higher odds of uncontrolled BP. Sex, lipid levels, and other comorbidities showed no significant association.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The high prevalence of uncontrolled BP is consistent with regional studies, but exceeds rates in high-income settings, possibly due to the use of stricter targets. Identified risk factors, including aging, obesity, and glycemic dysregulation, align with global trends and highlight challenges in managing resistant hypertension.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two-thirds of diabetic patients in Bahrain\u2019s primary care clinics have uncontrolled BP, which is associated with older age, obesity, multiple antihypertensive medications, and poor glycemic control. These findings highlight the potential impact of integrated management strategies, weight management interventions, and more strict glucose control.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_748_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T13:01:18Z","timestamp":1767013278000},"page":"5175-5183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors of uncontrolled blood pressure in adult patients with diabetes: A cross-sectional study in Bahrain\u2019s primary care specialized clinics"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Adel S.","family":"AlAlsayyad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Community Medicine, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain"},{"name":"Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ebrahim","family":"Matar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra S.","family":"Zabar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afrah S.","family":"Isa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bilad Alqadeem Health Center, Primary Health Care Centers, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masooma J.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Muharraq Health Center, Primary Health Care Centers, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zainab J.","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NBB Dair Health Center, Primary Health Care Centers, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima","family":"Al Nooh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Al-Naim Health Center, Primary Health Care Centers, Manama, Kingdom of Bahrain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.2.2.120","article-title":"Diabetes and glucose tolerance as risk factors for cardiovascular disease: The Framingham study","volume":"2","author":"Kannel","year":"1979","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"R3-20251230","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ministry of Health B. 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