{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:55:22Z","timestamp":1793501722091,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Family Med Prim Care"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_83_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,3]],"date-time":"2019-06-03T02:06:41Z","timestamp":1559527601000},"page":"1671","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Association of serum magnesium with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Pratyush","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seema","family":"Bhargava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"PankajKumar","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambuj","family":"Garg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit","family":"Khosla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014;38(Suppl 1):S8-16.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc15-S005"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-2","unstructured":"International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 6th ed. Brussels, Belgium: International Diabetes Federation; 2013. Available from: http:\/\/www.idf.org\/diabetesatlas."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-3","first-page":"1047","volume-title":"Global prevalence of diabetes-estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030","author":"Wild","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-4","first-page":"311","volume-title":"IDF diabetes atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030","author":"Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diab Res ClinPract"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-5","first-page":"408","volume-title":"Diabetes in Asia","author":"Ramachandran","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-6","first-page":"951","volume-title":"Magnesium deficiency in diabetes","author":"Resnick","year":"1991","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-7","first-page":"234","volume-title":"Plasma magnesium and retinopathy in black African diabetics","author":"Erasmus","year":"1989","journal-title":"Trop Geogr Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-8","first-page":"2151","volume-title":"Serum and dietary magnesium and the risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: The atherosclerosis risk in communities study","author":"Kao","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-9","first-page":"80","volume-title":"The economic burden of diabetes in India: A review of the literature","author":"Yesudian","year":"2014","journal-title":"Global Health"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-10","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Renal hypomagnesaemia in human diabetes mellitus: Its relation to glucose homeostasis","author":"McNair","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-11","unstructured":"Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham PA, Pham SV, Pham HV, Miller JM, et al. Lower serum magnesium levels are associated with more rapid decline of renal function in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Clin Nephrol 2005;63:429-36. [published erratum appears in Clin Nephrol 64: 248, 2005]."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-12","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Hypomagnesemia in diabetes","author":"Mather","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-13","first-page":"289","volume-title":"Low plasma magnesium in type 2 diabetes","author":"Walti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-14","first-page":"927","volume-title":"Associations of serum and dietary magnesium with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, insulin, and carotid arterial wall thickness: The ARIC study.Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study","author":"Ma","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-15","first-page":"897","volume-title":"Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetic Omani patients","author":"Al-Osali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-16","first-page":"932","volume-title":"Association between indexes of insulin sensitivity\/resistance and serum magnesium levels in overweight diabetic subjects","author":"Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Indian J Clin Pract"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-17","unstructured":"Ghattaura N, Murphy C, Valen P. High prevalence of hypomagnesemia and its relation to BMI, type 2 diabetes, and clinical disease measures in a VA outpatient rheumatology clinic population [abstract]. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015;67(Suppl 10)."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-18","first-page":"e30599","volume-title":"Diabetes is the main factor accounting for hypomagnesemia in obese subjects","author":"Lecube","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-19","first-page":"1000","volume-title":"Hypomagnesemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus","author":"Dasgupta","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-20","first-page":"11","volume-title":"Serum magnesium levels in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria and normoalbuminuria","author":"Rao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Sci Stud"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-21","first-page":"40","volume-title":"Magnesium metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance","author":"Barbagallo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-22","unstructured":"Takaya J, Higashino H, Kobayashi Y. Intracellular magnesium and insulin resistance. Magnes Res 2004;17:126-36"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-23","first-page":"4284","volume-title":"Red cell life span heterogeneity in hematologically normal people is sufficient to alter HbA1c","author":"Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-24","first-page":"366","volume-title":"Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes","author":"Pham","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-25","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Serum magnesium levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy","author":"Kundu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Nat Sci Biol Med"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-26","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Study of serum magnesium levels in diabetic retinopathy","author":"Kauser","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Res Med Den Sci"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-27","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Low serum magnesium level is associated with microalbuminuria in Chinese diabetic patients","author":"Xu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Endocrinol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-28","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and apoptosis in diabetes mellitus","author":"van","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-29","first-page":"226","volume-title":"Role of magnesium and potassium in the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis","author":"Rayssignier","year":"1984","journal-title":"Magnesium"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-30","first-page":"307","volume-title":"Pro-fibrogenic effects of magnesium deficiency in the cardiovascular system","author":"Shivakumar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Magnes Res"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/2249-4863.259452-31","first-page":"113","volume-title":"Role of magnesium in genomic stability","author":"Hartwig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mutat Res"}],"container-title":["Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T13:28:50Z","timestamp":1786714130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_83_19"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}},"alternative-id":["259452"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_83_19","relation":{},"ISSN":["2249-4863"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2249-4863","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019]]}}}