{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:07:25Z","timestamp":1787170045564,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"10","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The term post-tubal sterilization syndrome has been used variously to include abnormal menstrual bleeding, pre-menstrual dysmenorrhea distress, hysterectomy, and miscellaneous other conditions like the need for recanalization, the feeling of regret, and menopausal syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the menstrual disorders in post-tubal ligated and non-ligated women and also to compare the histopathology of endometrium in both post-tubal ligated and non-ligated groups in order to compare the menstrual disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is a comparative cross-sectional study on 200 women between 30 and 50 years, divided into two groups and further into two sub-groups in each group. Group 1 includes cases (post-tubal ligated), and group 2 includes controls (non-tubal ligated); sub-group I includes patients with abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), and sub-group II includes patients without AUB. Data were recorded using standard performa along with investigations and detailed examination.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the case group (post-tubal ligated), maximum patients of 39.22% were having polymenorrhea and 29.41% patients had menorrhagia, whereas in the control group (non-tubal ligated), maximum patients of 38.78% had polymenorrhea and 30.61% had menorrhagia, respectively. However, the difference is statistically non-significant (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      value = 1.00).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study suggests that the incidence of menstrual disorders did not differ significantly with tubal ligation. The patients worried about the effects of tubal ligation on their future life that must be counseled and that tubal ligation has no adverse effect on their life including their menstrual pattern. The findings of the study help family physicians in educating the clientele. We also recommend large studies with multiple centers so as to give statistically significant findings of associations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_880_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T16:12:20Z","timestamp":1696867940000},"page":"2482-2487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative study on menstrual disorders in post-tubal ligated and non-ligated women"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Pahula","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of OBG, NC Medical College Israna, Panipat, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Swarnima","family":"Saxena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistant Professor, Department of OBG, NC Medical College Israna, Panipat, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"family":"Gunjan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sparsh Hospital Haldwani, Uttarakhand, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ravishekar N.","family":"Hiremath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Professor, Department of Community Medicine, AFMS, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pooja","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Associate Professor, Department of OBG, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Rohtak, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260203","first-page":"1","article-title":"A comparative study on complications of double puncture laparoscopic sterilization and conventional tubal ligation methods","volume":"2","author":"Palli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Med Biosci"},{"key":"R2-20260203","journal-title":"National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3), 2005\u201306: India: Volume I"},{"key":"R4-20260203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-1208.92286","article-title":"Laparoscopic tubal sterilization reversal and fertility outcomes","volume":"4","author":"Jayakrishnan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Hum Reprod Sci"},{"key":"R5-20260203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.03.006","article-title":"Contraceptive choices of women 35-44 years of age: Findings from the behavioral risk factor surveillance system","volume":"19","author":"Brunner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"R7-20260203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(51)90262-1","article-title":"The subsequent course of patients sterilized by tubal ligation;a consideration of hysterectomy for sterilization","volume":"61","author":"Williams","year":"1951","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R8-20260203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012073432303","article-title":"The risk of menstrual abnormalities after tubal sterilization. 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