{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:01:03Z","timestamp":1787169663086,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT) is an inhibitor of serine protease, which has shown anti-inflammatory reactions in a variety of diseases. It has been thought that that AAT plays a role in prolonging islet allograft survival, preventing the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and hindering \u03b2-cell apoptosis of pancreas. In the current examination, the AAT activity in T1DM and healthy individuals was measured using enzymatic assay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study was conducted on 42 patients with T1DM who referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Rafsanjan, Kerman, Iran, and 42 healthy control individuals who were matched for age, sex and smoking habits. The serum trypsin inhibitory capacity (TIC) was assessed. Plasma samples were analyzed for phenotype, AAT concentration, blood glucose and lipid levels were measured.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The activity of plasma AAT and the serum TIC level of patients with T1DM (2.35 \u00b1 0.34 \u03bcmol\/min\/ml) was significantly lower than healthy participants (3.36 \u00b1 0.36 \u03bcmol\/min\/ml). The frequency of phenotype MM in healthy individual was 100%; and in T1DM patients, the prevalence of phenotype MM, MS and MZ was 61.9%, 23.8% and 14.3%, respectively (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It was concluded that that the lack of AAT may be related to the increased risk of T1DM developing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_905_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T01:12:59Z","timestamp":1648516379000},"page":"1377-1381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of alpha 1- antitrypsin activity and phenotype in type 1 diabetic patients to healthy individuals"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Atena Sadat","family":"Ghoreishi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Para-Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Mahmoodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Khoshdel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.3.832","article-title":"\u03b2-cell function and the development of diabetes-related complications in the diabetes control and complications trial","volume":"26","author":"Steffes","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B2-20240828","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"B3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0228895","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0228895","article-title":"Elucidating the mechanism of action of alpha-1-antitrypsin using retinal pigment epithelium cells exposed to high glucose. 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