{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:32:29Z","timestamp":1787841149177,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n India bears the highest global burden of tuberculosis (TB), with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) posing substantial treatment challenges. Sputum culture conversion is a vital indicator of treatment response and an early predictor of success in drug-resistant TB (DR-TB). This study aimed to evaluate the time to early sputum culture conversion (within 6 months) in DR-TB patients and identify factors influencing this outcome across different resistance patterns: MDR, MDR with fluoroquinolone resistance, MDR with second-line injectable resistance, and extensively DR-TB (XDR-TB).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This prospective cross-sectional observational study was conducted in India. Seventy-four DR-TB patients enrolled between January and October 2019 were assessed. Demographic data, comorbidities, and culture conversion times were analyzed using Chi-square tests and univariate logistic regression.\n P<\/jats:italic>\n <0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Among the 74 patients (62.2% male; mean age 30 years), most MDR-TB patients (52%) achieved culture conversion within 3 months, while pre-XDR and XDR cases mostly converted within 2 months. Smoking (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.03), low body mass index (BMI) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.025), cavitary lesions on chest X-ray (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.01), and lower socioeconomic status (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.02) were significantly associated with delayed conversion.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Early sputum culture conversion is a key milestone in DR-TB treatment. Addressing modifiable risk factors such as smoking, undernutrition, and cavitary disease may improve outcomes. Further studies are needed to identify interventions to accelerate culture conversion and enhance treatment success.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jgid.jgid_116_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:00:18Z","timestamp":1774684818000},"page":"27-34","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Factors Influencing Early Sputum Culture Conversion in Pulmonary Drug-resistant Tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Udvass Kumar","family":"Kotokey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Institute of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases (NITRD), New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Savitri","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New 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