{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T18:01:06Z","timestamp":1791914466897,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"\n Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is on the rise worldwide. The diagnosis of NTM lung disease (NTM-LD) is a dilemma. The 2020 guidelines jointly established by the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) outline the criteria for diagnosing pulmonary NTM disease. Herein, we report a series of cases with an analysis of relevant literature to gain insight into the pathogenicity of NTM species, the risk factors involved, and treatment strategies.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n This is a prospective observational study starting from April 2023 to December 2023. A total of 370 suspected pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients were included. Clinical specimens were processed for Ziehl\u2013Neelsen staining, GeneXpert\n Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n (MTB)\/RIF assay, and culture. Culture-positive mycobacteria were classified as MTB complex or NTM based on detection of MPT64 antigen. The NTM isolates were speciated by line probe assay using GenoType\n \u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n Mycobacterium common mycobacteria (Hain Lifescience, Nehren, Germany). The criteria of ATS\/IDSA were applied to confirm NTM-LD.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Nine (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 9) patients were diagnosed as cases of NTM-LD. Bronchiectasis and previous TB were the most common comorbidities.\n Mycobacterium scrofulaceum<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 2),\n Mycobacterium szulgai<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 2),\n Mycobacterium intracellulare<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1),\n Mycobacterium kansasii<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1),\n Mycobacterium abscessus<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1),\n Mycobacterium fortuitum<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1), and\n Mycobacterium interjectum<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 1) were the species involved. Specific therapeutic drug regimens were administered in four cases, which resulted in clinical improvement.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n People with comorbid (LDs) are at risk of NTM-LD. The severity of NTM-LD and mortality also depend on the species involved. New guidelines with evidence-based recommendations should be formulated to simplify the diagnosis and treatment of NTM-LD caused by an array of more than 190 species.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jgid.jgid_152_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T08:00:35Z","timestamp":1751011235000},"page":"77-86","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Clinical Presentations and Species Spectrum of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Suspected Pulmonary Tuberculosis Cases"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Sivasankar","family":"Das","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prasanta Raghab","family":"Mohapatra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sutapa","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sourin","family":"Bhuniya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pulmonary Medicine and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baijayantimala","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 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