{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T22:44:39Z","timestamp":1792363479850,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>We report a series of three cases diagnosed with tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica on bronchoscopy and computed tomography (CT) chest. Most patients were diagnosed incidentally on evaluation for chronic cough. The association of this entity with chronic bacterial infections and tuberculosis is an intriguing entity that was observed in our patients. Nodular, ulcerative, and calcific lesions in the trachea are bronchoscopic findings seen in quite a few other conditions posing diagnostic challenges. However, the classical bronchoscopic appearance with CT imaging in an appropriate clinical context can lead to an accurate diagnosis of this condition. We describe this array of cases with varying clinical presentations, their associations, and deliberate the literature reviews on this rare entity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jgid.jgid_379_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T04:29:02Z","timestamp":1635827342000},"page":"180-182","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Pebbled Trachea"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Deepthi","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sindhu","family":"Kamath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishak K","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sharada","family":"Rai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00408-008-9088-4","article-title":"Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: Presentation of ten cases and review of the literature","volume":"186","author":"Jabbardarjani","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lung"},{"key":"R2-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/s40248-016-0050-7","article-title":"Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica: A rare case report of a non-smoker and non-atopic patient, with a long history of wheezing since childhood","volume":"11","author":"Fois","year":"2016","journal-title":"Multidiscip Respir Med"},{"key":"R3-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102068","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102068","article-title":"A clinical study of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: Findings from a large Chinese cohort","volume":"9","author":"Zhu","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"R4-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.4187\/respcare.05867","article-title":"clinical characteristics of tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica","volume":"64","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"R5-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1097\/01.lab.0000131026.05007.34","article-title":"Treatment of severe tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica","volume":"11","author":"Dutau","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bronchol"},{"key":"R6-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/00004728-200201000-00006","article-title":"Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: Report of three cases","volume":"26","author":"Zack","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"key":"R7-6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.04.00099804","article-title":"Multidetector CT-generated virtual bronchoscopy: An illustrated review of the potential clinical indications","volume":"23","author":"De Wever","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"R9-6-20240828","first-page":"16","article-title":"Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica \u2013 A rare or an overlooked entity?","volume":"7","author":"Jindal","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"R10-6-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica: Awareness is the key for diagnosis and management","volume":"2017","author":"Devaraja","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Journal of Global Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jgid.jgid_379_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:11:06Z","timestamp":1787166666000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jgid.jgid_379_20"}},"subtitle":["A Case Series and Literature Review of Tracheobronchopathia Osteochondroplastica"],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jgid.jgid_379_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-777X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-777X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}}}