{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:42:13Z","timestamp":1786650133560,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pleuropulmonary blastoma (PPB) is a rare but aggressive pediatric tumor arising from the lung or pleura. Histologically, it consists of primitive blastomatous elements variably admixed with sarcomatous tissue. PPB is classified into four subtypes: type I (cystic), type Ir (regressing cystic), type II (mixed cystic and solid), and type III (predominantly solid).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Imaging:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PPB lacks characteristic imaging findings, making multimodality imaging essential for establishing a differential diagnosis, distinguishing the tumor from congenital airway malformations and benign cystic lesions, and identifying the specific subtype to guide management.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Management:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Treatment typically involves multimodal therapy, with surgery and chemotherapy forming the cornerstone. Early recognition and accurate subtype differentiation are critical for optimal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case Summary:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We present a series of three cases, each representing a different PPB subtype, all of which were successfully managed according to their specific pathological type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.jiaps_112_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T11:00:13Z","timestamp":1767956413000},"page":"54-58","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Pleuropulmonary Blastoma in Children: Three Distinct Cases with their Diagnostic and Therapeutic Pathways"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Avilash Gourav","family":"Sahu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aditya Arvind","family":"Manekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Subrat Kumar","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bikasha Bihary","family":"Tripathy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manoj Kumar","family":"Mohanty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukund Namdev","family":"Sable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debasish","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pritinanda","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.29032","article-title":"Pleuropulmonary blastoma: A report on 350 central pathology-confirmed pleuropulmonary blastoma cases by the International Pleuropulmonary Blastoma Registry","volume":"121","author":"Messinger","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"R2-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"omz056","DOI":"10.1093\/omcr\/omz056","article-title":"Metachronous pleuropulmonary blastoma in an adult patient with endometrial cancer: A case report","volume":"2019","author":"Bhalerao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxf Med Case Reports"},{"key":"R3-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/PCR.0000000000000027","article-title":"DICER1-pleuropulmonary blastoma familial tumor predisposition syndrome: A unique constellation of neoplastic conditions","volume":"19","author":"Schultz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathol Case Rev"},{"key":"R4-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.3941\/jrcr.v11i9.3153","article-title":"The radiologic and pathologic diagnosis of biphasic pulmonary blastoma","volume":"11","author":"Nemeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"R5-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.JIAPS_159_20","article-title":"Extrapulmonary pleuropulmonary blastoma in a 3-year-old child: A case report and review of literature","volume":"26","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Indian Assoc Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R6-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W475","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.14.12802","article-title":"Radiographic screening of infants and young children with genetic predisposition for rare malignancies: DICER1 mutations and pleuropulmonary blastoma","volume":"204","author":"Sabapathy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"R7-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radcr.2021.06.022","article-title":"Type II pleuropulmonary blastoma in a 3-years-old female with dyspnea: A case report and review of literature","volume":"16","author":"Ferrara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiol Case Rep"},{"key":"R8-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2015.10.019","article-title":"Can congenital pulmonary airway malformation be distinguished from type I pleuropulmonary blastoma based on clinical and radiological features?","volume":"51","author":"Feinberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"R9-20260420","first-page":"20200206","article-title":"Pleuropulmonary blastoma, a rare entity in childhood","volume":"7","author":"Gbande","year":"2021","journal-title":"BJR Case Rep"},{"key":"R10-20260420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2013.08.015","article-title":"Treatment and prognostic factors in pleuropulmonary blastoma: An EXPeRT report","volume":"50","author":"Bisogno","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"}],"container-title":["Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric 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