{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:47Z","timestamp":1786649807558,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744588800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urethral hair is a rare but significant issue in cases of severe hypospadias, typically after using hair-bearing skin grafts. This can cause early and late complications, including urinary obstruction, infections, and stone formation. Prevention is the key, favoring nonhair-bearing grafts. If hair-bearing skin is used, hair removal techniques are employed. Managing complications may require surgical interventions such as endoscopic hair removal or repeat urethroplasty. Without available literature, this systematic review, elaborating and comparing various management techniques for urethral hair, attempts to generate evidence for managing such pertinent clinical scenario.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, and Web of Science databases were explored, and relevant studies were selected. Data were extracted to study the bibliographic information of each article, the number of patients in each article, the age of patients, primary diagnosis, the method used to manage the urethral hair, the number of times the procedure was repeated for satisfactory results, and total follow-up duration before reporting the results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A systematic review identified 80 articles, 16 eligible for full-text review, including 14 case reports and two original articles, covering 41 male patients treated from 1977 to 2023, with substantial agreement on study quality assessment among the observers. Most cases (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 37\/41) involved hypospadias follow-ups, with laser-based hair removal being the primary treatment (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 32\/41 patients). Various lasers, such as neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet and carbon dioxide, were used, and a median of one procedure was needed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Managing urethral hair posthypospadias repair requires laser treatments and continuous follow-up to prevent complications and ensure success.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.jiaps_20_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T05:00:06Z","timestamp":1744606806000},"page":"438-445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Management of Urethral Hair Following Urethral Reconstruction: A Systematic Review for Evidence Synthesis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Ajay","family":"Verma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachit","family":"Anand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shilpa","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prateek","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanjali","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250704","first-page":"259","article-title":"Hypospadias. A review of 299 cases operated 1957-69","volume":"14","author":"Johanson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Scand J Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"key":"R2-20250704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjebm-2017-110853","article-title":"Methodological quality and synthesis of case series and case reports","volume":"23","author":"Murad","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ Evid Based Med"},{"key":"R3-20250704","first-page":"art19","article-title":"Encrusted hairball in the urethra: An uncommon complication of hypospadias repair","volume":"5","author":"Goh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Uro Today Int J"},{"key":"R4-20250704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1002\/lsm.1900100213","article-title":"Epilation of hair-bearing urethral grafts utilizing the neodymium: YAG surgical laser","volume":"10","author":"Finkelstein","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"R5-20250704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1259\/0007-1285-50-590-113","article-title":"Urethral stone formation following urethroplasty","volume":"50","author":"Godwin","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"R6-20250704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2013.54.5.345","article-title":"Tricholithobezoar: An unusual late complication of neourethral reconstruction in aphallia","volume":"54","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Korean J Urol"},{"key":"R7-20250704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1159\/000353101","article-title":"Surgical treatment and prevention of recurrence of urethral calculi associated with hairballs after urethroplasty","volume":"91","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urol Int"},{"key":"R8-20250704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1948","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000091657.32531.69","article-title":"Transcutaneous laser hair ablation for management of intraurethral hair after hypospadias repair: Initial experience","volume":"170","author":"Crain","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"R9-20250704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1080\/14764170701446898","article-title":"CO2 laser desiccation of urethral hair post-penoscrotal hypospadias repair","volume":"9","author":"Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cosmet Laser Ther"},{"key":"R10-20250704","first-page":"e45478","article-title":"Urethral hair bezoar management with transcutaneous neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser post-hypospadias repair: A clinical case","volume":"15","author":"Kaltsas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R11-20250704","first-page":"1330","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of hair removal using an 810 nm diode laser with a novel scanning device","volume":"15","author":"Courtney","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"R12-20250704","first-page":"35","article-title":"Laser hair removal for urethral hair after hypospadias repair","volume":"99","author":"Kaneko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nihon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi"},{"key":"R13-20250704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9101(1999)24:4<261::AID-LSM2>3.0.CO;2-B","article-title":"Laser ablation of urethral hair","volume":"24","author":"Neal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lasers Surg Med"},{"key":"R14-20250704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5152\/tud.2012.037","article-title":"Diode laser epilation of urethral hair follicles following urethroplasty","volume":"38","author":"\u015eahin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Urol Res Pract"},{"key":"R15-20250704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e244123","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2021-244123","article-title":"Laser epilation of luminal hair following skin graft urethroplasty for hypospadias: The hair snare","volume":"14","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"key":"R16-20250704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.09.018","article-title":"Urethroscopic holmium: YAG laser epilation of urethral diverticular hair follicles following hypospadias repair","volume":"7","author":"Beiko","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"R17-20250704","first-page":"769706","article-title":"Urethral hairballs as a long-term complication of hypospadias repair: Two case reports","author":"Kampantais","year":"2012","journal-title":"Case Rep Urol 2012"},{"key":"R18-20250704","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1089\/089277901750426454","article-title":"Recurrent urethral hairball and stone in a hypospadiac: Management and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Singh","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Endourol"},{"key":"R19-20250704","first-page":"94","article-title":"Microsurgical excision of urethral hair roots in patients with a history of surgical treatment of hypospadias during childhood","volume":"9","author":"Nagao","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Sex Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric 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