{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T15:20:02Z","timestamp":1787584802140,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768953600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ovarian leiomyomas (OLMs) are rare benign ovarian tumors, representing only 0.5%\u20131% of all benign ovarian neoplasms and exceptionally uncommon in children. Fewer than 100 cases are reported worldwide, with &lt; 10 in the pediatric and adolescent age group. We report a 2-year-old girl presenting with incidental abdominal fullness. Imaging revealed a right adnexal mass, and intraoperatively, the tumor was found to completely replace the right ovary. Right oophorectomy with omentectomy and peritoneal washings was performed. Histopathology showed spindle-shaped smooth muscle cells with minimal atypia, and immunohistochemistry confirmed OLM with positivity for smooth muscle actin and desmin. The child had an uneventful recovery and remains well at 9 months of follow-up. This represents the youngest case worldwide and the first reported from India.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.jiaps_265_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T11:00:13Z","timestamp":1768993213000},"page":"285-290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Primary Ovarian Leiomyoma in a 2-year-old Child: Youngest Worldwide and First Report from India with Review of Literature"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Md. Fahim","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eram","family":"Nahid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shadia","family":"Bano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varuna","family":"Mallya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Radhika","family":"Batra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dipanjan","family":"Goswami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prafull","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simmi K.","family":"Ratan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anoushka","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiodiagnosis, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2024.101691","article-title":"Ovarian tumors in the pediatric population: An update","volume":"70","author":"Ergun-Longmire","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"R2-20260311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2013.07.011","article-title":"Primary ovarian leiomyoma in a premenarchal adolescent: First reported case","volume":"27","author":"Blue","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"R3-20260311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2007.07.001","article-title":"Primary ovarian leiomyoma: A rare cause of ovarian tumor in adolescence","volume":"21","author":"Wei","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"R4-20260311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-86280-9","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and laparoscopic management experience of primary ovarian leiomyoma","volume":"15","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"R5-20260311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2004.07.048","article-title":"Bilateral primary ovarian leiomyoma in a young woman: Case report and literature review","volume":"95","author":"Lim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"R6-20260311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000141393.99300.d0","article-title":"Smooth muscle tumors of the ovary: A clinicopathologic study of 54 cases emphasizing prognostic criteria, histologic variants, and differential diagnosis","volume":"28","author":"Lerwill","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"R7-20260311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.25000\/acem.383578","article-title":"Unilateral ovarian leiomyoma in a 14-year-old adolescent: A rare case report","volume":"3","author":"Kaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Clin Exp Med"},{"key":"R8-20260311","first-page":"145","article-title":"Ovarian leiomyoma. 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