{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T12:18:58Z","timestamp":1788437938263,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780876800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt is the standard surgical treatment for hydrocephalus. Conventional open insertion of the distal catheter is widely practiced; however, laparoscopic-assisted right VP shunt (LARVS) provides direct visualization of peritoneal entry, potentially reducing complications and improving accuracy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this study was to compare LARVS with conventional open right VP shunt (RVS) in terms of operative parameters, postoperative outcomes, and complication rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 76 patients undergoing primary RVS between July 2020 and August 2024. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A \u2013 LARVS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 37) and Group B \u2013 RVS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 39). The data analyzed included age, operative time, duration of hospital stay, type of hydrocephalus, and postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was performed using the\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test and Chi-square tests;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The two groups were comparable in terms of baseline characteristics (age,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.089). The mean operative time was 62.14 \u00b1 8.9 min for LARVS and 64.97 \u00b1 9.8 min for RVS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.296). The average hospital stay was 5.94 \u00b1 1.1 days for LARVS and 5.55 \u00b1 1.2 days for RVS (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.797). Noncommunicating hydrocephalus predominated (LARVS: 89%; RVS: 87%). Overall complication rates were low and not significantly different (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.300). Shunt revision was required in 8.1% (LARVS) and 7.7% (RVS), cerebrospinal fluid leak occurred in 2.6% of the RVS group and 2.7% in the LARVS group. No visceral injury or port-related morbidity occurred in the laparoscopic group.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LARVS is a safe and effective alternative to open RVS. Both approaches yield comparable operative times and outcomes, with LARVS offering the added advantage of direct peritoneal visualization, although its impact on morbidity was not statistically different in this cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Type of study:<\/jats:bold>\n                      Clinical research.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:bold>Level of evidence:<\/jats:bold>\n                      Level II.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.jiaps_45_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T09:00:24Z","timestamp":1788426024000},"page":"762-768","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Laparoscopic-assisted versus Open Placement of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunts in the Pediatric Population with Congenital Hydrocephalus: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Amit","family":"Kumar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashi","family":"Rashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amit Kumar","family":"Sinha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md. Mokarram","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shamshad","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bindey","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Surgery, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.3171\/2014.9.JNS132791","article-title":"Laparoscopically assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement: A prospective randomized controlled trial","volume":"122","author":"Schucht","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R2-20260903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.1.JNS101492","article-title":"Laparoscopic versus open insertion of the peritoneal catheter in ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement: Review of 810 consecutive cases","volume":"115","author":"Naftel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R3-20260903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1227\/neu.0000000000003213","article-title":"Laparoscopic-assisted peritoneal access in ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Abdelmageed","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"R4-20260903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1089\/lap.2017.0594","article-title":"Comparative study between laparoscopic and open techniques for insertion of ventriculperitoneal shunt for treatment of congenital hydrocephalus","volume":"29","author":"Hanna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Laparoendoscopic & Advanced Surgical Techniques"},{"key":"R5-20260903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1895","DOI":"10.1007\/s00381-023-05966-5","article-title":"Open versus laparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Greuter","year":"2023","journal-title":"Childs Nerv Syst"},{"key":"R6-20260903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E7","DOI":"10.3171\/2016.5.FOCUS1637","article-title":"Laparoscopy versus mini-laparotomy peritoneal catheter insertion of ventriculoperitoneal shunts: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"41","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"R7-20260903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2015.10.025","article-title":"Laparotomy versus minimally invasive laparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement for hydrocephalus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"140","author":"Phan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"R8-20260903","first-page":"205","article-title":"Modern paradigm for peritoneal catheter insertion: Single port optical access laparoscopic shunt insertion","volume":"11","author":"Cherian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"R9-20260903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.7.PEDS115","article-title":"Single-incision laparoscopic transumbilical shunt placement","volume":"8","author":"Tormenti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Pediatr"},{"key":"R10-20260903","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2016.07.052","article-title":"Laparoscopic insertion of the peritoneal catheter in ventriculoperitoneal shunting. 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