{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T20:21:53Z","timestamp":1787775713098,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antenatal androgen exposure has been suggested as a contributing factor in hypospadias etiology. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between anogenital distance (AGD), index finger-to-ring finger ratio (2D:4D ratio), and hypospadias severity in prepubertal boys, with the goal of exploring these parameters as potential markers of genital anomalies in utero.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on boys under 8 years old presenting to our outpatient department (April 2020\u2013December 2022). Those with hypospadias were included in the study group, whereas those without hypospadias formed the comparator group. Confounding factors (age, weight, and height) were accounted for using multivariate linear regression analysis. AGD, 2D:4D ratio, and hypospadias severity were measured during clinical visits, with still images taken for precise measurements. Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">U<\/jats:italic>\n                      and student\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -tests (software: STATA Version 14).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Data were collected for 100 cases of hypospadias (26 proximal and 74 distal) and 50 controls. There was no significant difference in mean age between groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.90). AGD was slightly lower in cases (3.44 \u00b1 1.13 cm) compared to controls (3.70 \u00b1 1.43) (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.88). 2D:4D ratios were marginally higher in cases compared to controls (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.12 for both hands).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although our study did not find significant associations between AGD and 2D:4D ratios with hypospadias severity, it offers insights into the role of prenatal androgen in genital development. The lack of significance underscores the need for region-specific research, suggesting AGD and 2D:4D ratio may not universally apply as hypospadias markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jiaps.jiaps_80_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,9]],"date-time":"2024-09-09T09:55:54Z","timestamp":1725875754000},"page":"517-523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Correlation of Hand Digit Length Ratio, Anogenital Distance, and Severity of Hypospadias among Prepubertal Boys"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Gaurav","family":"Prasad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjan Kumar","family":"Dhua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric 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