{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:39:48Z","timestamp":1786653588531,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim is to evaluate and compare stress distribution characteristics of ball, magnet, and positioned attachment systems in single and double implant-retained overdentures using the finite element method (FEM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">In vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in silico study<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) finite element analysis (FEA).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A Styrofoam mandible with duplicated silicon mucosa was used to construct a mandibular complete denture. Implants of size 12 mm by 3.4 mm body diameter (Implantium, Dentium, Korea) were used along with ball O-ring, positioner, and magnet attachment system for constructing single and double implant overdenture. FEA models were processed defining geometry. Six models were formulated, namely, three models of central single implant and three for double implant overdenture using ball O-ring attachment, positioner attachment, and magnet attachment named B1, P1, M1, B2, P2, and M2, respectively. The FEM analysis was done using ANSYS workbench 16.0. A load of around 100N was applied bilaterally in the first molar regions, anteriorly between the two central incisors, and unilaterally on the right first molar region. Stresses were calculated according to the Von Mises stresses scale. Stress magnitude and patterns were analyzed and interpreted accordingly.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Stress patterns and maximum principal stress were described.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FEM analysis revealed that stress concentration in the B1 model was the highest. Anterior loading produced maximum stress followed by unilateral and lastly bilateral loading. In the bone, stress concentration was the highest in the crestal bone region (3\u201318 MPa). Mucosa showed the least amount of stress in all models (1.3\u20133 MPa). Stress patterns in dentures were symmetric with concentration on the mid-lingual and molar premolar area (3\u201318 MPa). Implants showed stress concentration near the collar and the internal connection region (7.5\u201324 MPa). Maximum stresses were around the head of prosthetic abutments (10.5\u201324 MPa). The stress concentration in the ball head was typically located in the abutment neck. In positioner attachment, stress was located in the inner open end area (11\u201320.1 MPa). For the keeper, stresses were at its base and stress patterns extended into the body (10.5\u201317.7 MPa). Less stress magnitude was seen for all models on bilateral loading (10.5\u201315 MPa).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Magnet and positioner attachments have a more favorable stress distribution in both single and double implant-retained overdentures. Bilateral loading conditions are more favorable for uniform stress patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jips.jips_179_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T09:05:47Z","timestamp":1735895147000},"page":"86-94","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparative evaluation of pattern and distribution of stresses in single- and double-implant overdenture using ball-ring, positioner, and magnet-keeper attachment under different loading conditions: A finite element analysis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Jatin","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Jain Wellness Center, Thane, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Sethuraman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sayam Sachin","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, K M Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1181_19","article-title":"The epidemiology of edentulism and the associated factors: A literature review","volume":"9","author":"Al-Rafee","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Family Med Prim Care"},{"key":"R2-20250714","first-page":"128","article-title":"In vitro study of a mandibular implant overdenture retained with ball, magnet, or bar attachments: Comparison of load transfer and denture stability","volume":"16","author":"Tokuhisa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"R3-20250714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9290(93)90042-D","article-title":"Young\u2019s modulus of trabecular and cortical bone material: Ultrasonic and microtensile measurements","volume":"26","author":"Rho","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"R4-20250714","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2002.00003.x","article-title":"The McGill consensus statement on overdentures. 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