{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T14:00:26Z","timestamp":1790863226873,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n \n Cemented crowns are susceptible to microleakage over time. Incorporation of quaternized polyethyleneimine (QPEI) nanoparticles into glass ionomer cement (GIC) may enhance its antibacterial properties, potentially increasing crown longevity. Insoluble QPEI nanoparticles exhibit strong antibacterial activity against bacteria in vitro, especially in provisional and orthodontic cements. However, their efficacy under oral conditions remains uncertain. Given the limited evidence under oral conditions, the present study evaluated the antibacterial performance of QPEI-modified GIC\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n \n This exploratory, prospective split-mouth\n in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n study was conducted in 16 participants requiring two full veneer crowns in the same arch. Bacterial evaluation was performed after 1 month. Each subject received both interventions on contralateral teeth, thus minimizing inter-individual variability.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Patients requiring two fixed prosthetic crowns in the same arch were included. QPEI nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared, and dynamic light scattering techniques. After tooth preparation, one crown was cemented with conventional GIC and the other with 1% QPEI-modified GIC. After 1 month, marginal cement samples were collected, and bacterial growth was quantified by colony-forming unit (CFU\/mL) counts on brain heart infusion agar.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Data normality was assessed using the Kolmogorov\u2013Smirnov test, and the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for intergroup comparison.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Paired analysis revealed a statistically significant reduction in viable bacterial counts in the test group, with the Hodges\u2013Lehmann estimator indicating a median reduction of approximately 7.5 \u00d7 10\n 4<\/jats:sup>\n CFU\/mL (95% confidence interval: \u22123.2 \u00d7 10\n 4<\/jats:sup>\n to \u22121.4 \u00d7 10\n 4<\/jats:sup>\n CFU\/mL).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n Incorporation of 1% QPEI-modified GIC significantly enhanced its antibacterial efficacy in vivo over 1 month, indicating its potential as an antibacterial luting material for fixed prosthodontic restorations.<\/jats:p>\n 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Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Yadav","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and Bridge, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jyoti","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harvansh Singh Judge Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surinder K.","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunint","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics and Crown and 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