{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:31:12Z","timestamp":1787070672624,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontal ailments cause a quantum leap in the biomarker profile of the saliva. This profile is, in fact, the epiphany of the scale and extent of the disease. Both gingivitis and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases with a step-grade progression. The study aimed to determine the response of the host in these conditions by analyzing concentrations of salivary mucin and total protein activity, before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty adult subjects were clinically examined and divided into three groups (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 20) according to the clinical assessment and categorized as Group I (healthy), Group II (gingivitis), and Group III (chronic periodontitis). Whole saliva was collected, and salivary mucin and total protein levels were quantitatively measured at baseline in all the groups and additionally after NSPT in Groups II and III.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Levels of mucin and total protein increased in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis. There was a slight decline in mucin levels in periodontitis patients in comparison with the gingivitis group. A positive correlation was found between the respective clinical parameters of both the groups along with their levels of salivary mucin and total protein. It indicated that the response of salivary glands to increase their protective potential caused the change among the groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontal diseases induce an increase in the levels of mucins and proteins, which is believed as the action of the salivary glands to protect the oral cavity and put off the chaos caused by the microorganisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_258_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]],"date-time":"2024-06-04T17:52:50Z","timestamp":1717523570000},"page":"84-90","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative evaluation of mucin and total protein in periodontal disease before and after nonsurgical periodontal therapy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"J. P.","family":"Vishnu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anju","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Surendra Pratap","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farhan","family":"Durrani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fouzia","family":"Imran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekta","family":"Kumari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2002.1o816.x","article-title":"Saliva \u2013The defender of the oral cavity","volume":"8","author":"Amerongen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"R2-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e7","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2013.8","article-title":"Inflammatory mediators in the pathogenesis of periodontitis","volume":"15","author":"Yucel Lindberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"R3-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-3623(95)02050-0","article-title":"Salivary mucins in oral mucosal defense","volume":"27","author":"Slomiany","year":"1996","journal-title":"General Pharmacology:The Vascular System"},{"key":"R4-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2010.01332.x","article-title":"Determination of salivary levels of mucin and amylase in chronic periodontitis patients","volume":"46","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"R5-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29759","DOI":"10.3402\/jom.v7.29759","article-title":"Salivary mucins in host defense and disease prevention","volume":"7","author":"Frenkel","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Oral Microbiol"},{"key":"R6-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.4103\/jorr.jorr_46_20","article-title":"Salivary total protein levels among healthy controls, chronic gingivitis patients, and chronic periodontitis patients","volume":"13","author":"Zin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Oral Res Rev"},{"key":"R7-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.5005\/jcdp-6-4-46","article-title":"Alteration of cyclic nucleotides levels and oxidative stress in saliva of human subjects with periodontitis","volume":"6","author":"Mashayekhi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"R8-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.92560","article-title":"Saliva:A diagnostic biomarker of periodontal diseases","volume":"15","author":"Patil","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"R9-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.08.010","article-title":"The role of natural salivary defences in maintaining a healthy oral microbiota","volume":"80","author":"Pedersen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"R10-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18343.x","article-title":"Methods for collecting saliva","volume":"694","author":"Navazesh","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"R11-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0080072","article-title":"A colorimetric assay for mucous glycoproteins using alcian blue [proceedings","volume":"8","author":"Hall","year":"1980","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"R12-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199407000-00006","article-title":"The effect of esophageal mechanical and chemical stimuli on salivary mucin secretion in healthy individuals","volume":"308","author":"Sarosiek","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"R13-20240828","first-page":"306","article-title":"Alteration in salivary proteins following non surgical periodontal therapy in generalized chronic periodontitis subjects","volume":"6","author":"Sharma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Bio Sci"},{"key":"R14-20240828","first-page":"C56","article-title":"Estimation of levels of salivary mucin, amylase and total protein in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients","volume":"8","author":"Kejriwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R15-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051X.1999.260501.x","article-title":"Salivary lactoferrin and low-Mr mucin MG2 in Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans-associated periodontitis","volume":"26","author":"Groenink","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R16-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572012000200010","article-title":"Differential expression of salivary glycoproteins in aggressive and chronic periodontitis","volume":"20","author":"Rocha Dde","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"R17-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1177\/10454411950060020501","article-title":"Biochemical composition of human saliva in relation to other mucosal fluids","volume":"6","author":"Schenkels","year":"1995","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oral Biol Med"},{"key":"R18-20240828","first-page":"1223","article-title":"Comparison of the salivary and the serum nitric oxide levels in chronic and aggressive periodontitis:A biochemical study","volume":"7","author":"Sundar","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R19-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.49.271","article-title":"Nitric oxide levels in saliva increase with severity of chronic periodontitis","volume":"49","author":"Reher","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Sci"},{"key":"R20-20240828","first-page":"85","article-title":"Platelet-activating factor mediates Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide interference with salivary mucin synthesis via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent constitutive nitric-oxide synthase activation","volume":"55","author":"Slomiany","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Physiol Pharmacol"},{"key":"R21-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3407","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-140-12-3407","article-title":"Metabolic cooperation in oral microbial communities during growth on mucin","volume":"140","author":"Bradshaw","year":"1994","journal-title":"Microbiology (Reading)"},{"key":"R22-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.4161\/gmic.1.4.12778","article-title":"Mucin-bacterial interactions in the human oral cavity and digestive tract","volume":"1","author":"Derrien","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"R23-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1177\/154405910608501007","article-title":"Streptococcus salivarius promotes mucin putrefaction and malodor production by Porphyromonas gingivalis","volume":"85","author":"Sterer","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R24-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12670","article-title":"Mucin 4 and matrix metalloproteinase 7 as novel salivary biomarkers for periodontitis","volume":"44","author":"Lundmark","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"R25-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2023.07.011","article-title":"Salivary lactate dehydrogenase and salivary total protein as potential biomarkers for screening periodontal disease","volume":"35","author":"Rawdhah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Saudi Dent J"},{"key":"R26-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1993.tb01049.x","article-title":"Protein, albumin and cystatin concentrations in saliva of healthy subjects and of patients with gingivitis or periodontitis","volume":"28","author":"Henskens","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"R27-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.107473","article-title":"Salivary protein concentration, flow rate, buffer capacity and pH estimation:A comparative study among young and elderly subjects, both normal and with gingivitis and periodontitis","volume":"17","author":"Shaila","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"R28-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.17656\/sdj.10072","article-title":"Effect of periodontal therapy on salivary total protein, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta in chronic periodontitis patients","volume":"5","author":"Mohammad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sulaimani Dent J"},{"key":"R29-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-775720140458","article-title":"Comparison of salivary levels of mucin and amylase and their relation with clinical parameters obtained from patients with aggressive and chronic periodontal disease","volume":"23","author":"Acquier","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"R30-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12039","article-title":"Relationship between salivary mucin or amylase and the periodontal status","volume":"19","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Dis"}],"container-title":["Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jisp.jisp_258_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:34:39Z","timestamp":1787067279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jisp.jisp_258_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jisp.jisp_258_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-124X","0975-1580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-124X","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-1580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-05-21","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-04-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}