{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:41:54Z","timestamp":1787071314924,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Severe periodontitis lesions can harbor hundreds of thousands of copies of productive cytomegalovirus. Cytomegalovirus virions from maternal periodontitis can enter the bloodstream and potentially infect a fetus, leading to serious congenital disorders or diseases. Cleft lip and palate have been associated with congenital cytomegalovirus infections. A review of the literature suggests that babies are at increased risk for developing orofacial clefts if born to a woman with severe periodontitis, a weakened immune system, and an active cytomegalovirus infection during the first trimester of pregnancy. The proposed periodontal treatment aims to eliminate cytomegalovirus from the periodontium, thereby reducing the risk of orofacial clefts. The treatment involves 1 week of systemic valacyclovir and daily sodium hypochlorite oral rinsing during the 2 months before conception and the first trimester of pregnancy. In summary, cytomegalovirus in maternal periodontitis is a risk factor for the development of orofacial clefts in an unborn baby, who may benefit from preemptive periodontal treatment. Women should be informed that untreated maternal periodontitis can lead to serious birth defects in the mouth and throughout the body.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_317_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]],"date-time":"2025-11-20T16:06:47Z","timestamp":1763654807000},"page":"227-229","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Maternal periodontitis and orofacial clefts: Evidence and treatment"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Slots","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Periodontology and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Southern California School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251122","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Congenital CMV Infection, CDC"},{"key":"R2-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12632","article-title":"The relationship between maternal periodontitis and congenital cytomegalovirus:A hypothetical model and therapeutic implications","author":"Slots","year":"2025","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R3-20251122","first-page":"9620","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of serum titres of human cytomegalovirus [HCMV] in gingivitis, aggressive and chronic periodontitis before and after phase I therapy \u2013A randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Recent Sci Res"},{"key":"R4-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00827.x","article-title":"Periodontal disease and adverse pregnancy outcomes:A systematic review","volume":"113","author":"Xiong","year":"2006","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"R5-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12606","article-title":"Severe periodontitis and congenital cytomegalovirus:Cleft lip and cleft palate","volume":"96","author":"Slots","year":"2024","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R6-20251122","first-page":"C51","article-title":"The serological evidence of cytomegalovirus infection as a potent aetiological factor for cleft lip\/palate, mental retardation and deafness","volume":"11","author":"Divya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R7-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.2478\/s11756-018-0065-y","article-title":"Orofacial clefts and infections during pregnancy","volume":"73","author":"Moln\u00e1rov\u00e1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biologia"},{"key":"R8-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-06165-1","article-title":"Association between human cytomegalovirus infection and incidence of severe orofacial clefts:A series of rare cases","volume":"25","author":"Abd-El-Ghafour","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"R9-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000320203","article-title":"Evidence in a human foetus of micrognathia and cleft lip as potential effects of early cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"28","author":"Weichert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"key":"R10-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20664","article-title":"A possible association of periodontal infectious diseases in pregnant women with isolated orofacial clefts in their children:A population-based case-control study","volume":"88","author":"B\u00e1nhidy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol"},{"key":"R11-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.3390\/v16040511","article-title":"Potential of viruses as environmental etiological factors for non-syndromic orofacial clefts","volume":"16","author":"Messias","year":"2024","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"R12-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1940","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061940","article-title":"How does Epstein-Barr virus contribute to chronic periodontitis?","volume":"21","author":"Imai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"R13-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12629","article-title":"Serum cytokines in periodontal diseases","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R14-20251122","first-page":"103","article-title":"In-vitro safety evaluation of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as part of step 2 and maintenance therapy protocols in patients with periodontitis stages III-IV","volume":"21","author":"Kardaras","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"R15-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.12151","article-title":"Periodontal effects of 0.25% sodium hypochlorite twice-weekly oral rinse. A pilot study","volume":"49","author":"Galv\u00e1n","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"R16-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2005.00790.x","article-title":"Periodontitis lesions are a source of salivary cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus","volume":"40","author":"Saygun","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"R17-20251122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00016","DOI":"10.1128\/mSystems.00016-17","article-title":"Multi-omics analysis of periodontal pocket microbial communities pre- and posttreatment","volume":"2","author":"Califf","year":"2017","journal-title":"mSystems"}],"container-title":["Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jisp.jisp_317_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:44:30Z","timestamp":1787067870000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jisp.jisp_317_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jisp.jisp_317_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-124X","0975-1580"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-124X","type":"print"},{"value":"0975-1580","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-07-26","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-23","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}