{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T11:00:44Z","timestamp":1784718044838,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n \n Background and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n \n Nigella sativa<\/jats:italic>\n , a medicinal plant of the Ranunculaceae family, is widely used for its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of\n N. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n seed extract against two major periodontal pathogens:\n Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n In this study, bacterial samples were collected from 30 patients with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis. Pure cultures of anaerobic bacteria were used to assess susceptibility to\n N. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n extract and to amoxicillin\u2013metronidazole. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using broth microdilution and agar dilution methods.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n From the previous experiments conducted, it was determined that the extract from the plant has an inhibitory effect at a concentration of mg\/mL, but not at concentrations of 4 and 8 mg\/mL. Furthermore, from previous experiments, it was determined that the growth inhibition was from 14 mg\/mL for\n A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n and was 52 mg\/mL for\n P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n . Furthermore, it was determined that at a concentration of 100\u2013210 mg\/mL, the growth of both pathogens was inhibited. Assessment of the FIC index for synergistic and antagonistic interactions showed synergism for the combination of\n N. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n and metronidazole for the\n A. actinomycetemcomitans<\/jats:italic>\n , antagonism for\n P. gingivalis<\/jats:italic>\n , and no interaction with amoxicillin.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n The antibacterial property of\n N. sativa<\/jats:italic>\n has positive implications and can probably be used in herbal medicine for periodontal diseases, where it can be used for the formulation of mouthwashes and toothpastes. More studies should be done.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_326_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T10:00:44Z","timestamp":1784714444000},"page":"262-268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of antibacterial efficacy of Nigella sativa seed extract on periodontal pathogens"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Gholam Reza","family":"Talei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Herbal Medicines Research Centre, Medical School, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Lorestan Province, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Virology, Medical School, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Lorestan Province, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Foroogh","family":"Mirzania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Herbal Medicines Research Centre, Medical School, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Lorestan Province, Iran"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Lorestan Province, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narges","family":"Ziaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Varezardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Razi Herbal Medicines Research Centre, Medical School, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Lorestan Province, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Nazarzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy, Student Research Committee, Faculty of 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