{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:30:48Z","timestamp":1787758248743,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"\n Context:<\/jats:title>\n \n Plumeria alba<\/jats:italic>\n , commonly known as frangipani or West Indian jasmine, is a traditional and ancient folklore medicine known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The extracts from\n P. alba<\/jats:italic>\n obtained from the leaves, bark, and flowers, are commonly used to manage bacterial, fungal, and viral infections such as herpes, scabies, and fungal infections. The constituents of the\n P. alba<\/jats:italic>\n plant have shown promising antihelmintic, antipyretic, and antirheumatic properties. Although studies have confirmed that extracts from\n Plumeria<\/jats:italic>\n species are effective against microbial infections and cancer, its role in managing oral diseases, particularly the chronic inflammatory disease of the gums (gingivitis and periodontitis), has never been explored. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of the\n P. alba<\/jats:italic>\n flower extract against oral and periodontal pathogens compared to chlorhexidine and doxycycline.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n \n This was an\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n study.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n The ethanolic extract was prepared from the freshly plucked\n P. alba<\/jats:italic>\n flowers. The antimicrobial properties of the extract were evaluated by testing the minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration, and well-diffusion assay against\n Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Streptococcus mutans, Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus salivarius<\/jats:italic>\n , and\n Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n . The results were compared to chlorhexidine and doxycycline. The cytotoxicity was checked by the against human-derived gingival fibroblast and keratinocytes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n One-way ANOVA for the mean zones of inhibition against all the microorganisms was done.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n P. alba<\/jats:italic>\n extract inhibited the growth for all the tested oral and periodontal pathogens at 25 \u03bcg\/ml. The well-diffusion assay of\n P. alba<\/jats:italic>\n extract was comparable to chlorhexidine but was not statistically significant compared to doxycycline.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n \n P. alba<\/jats:italic>\n can be used as a promising alternative to chlorhexidine for the management of oral and periodontal infections.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_329_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T01:12:10Z","timestamp":1661476330000},"page":"334-341","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties of Plumeria alba flower extract against oral and periodontal pathogens"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jaskirat","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amee 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