{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T13:53:17Z","timestamp":1789912397792,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Periodontitis is a chronic immune-inflammatory disease influenced by multiple factors. LL-37, an antimicrobial peptide, contributes to host defense, immune regulation, and tissue repair. Its subgingival expression following nonsurgical periodontal therapy remains underexplored. This study evaluates LL-37 gene expression as a potential biomarker for response to scaling and root planing (SRP).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Thirty systemically healthy patients (17 males and 13 females; aged 30\u201350 years) with Stage II or III periodontitis were included. Clinical parameters \u2013 probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and modified sulcular bleeding index (mSBI) \u2013 were recorded at baseline and 1 month post-SRP. Subgingival epithelial tissue samples were collected at both time points for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of LL-37 gene expression. Data were statistically analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n All clinical parameters improved significantly posttherapy. In Stage II, PPD reduced from 4.26 \u00b1 0.53 to 3.25 \u00b1 0.49 mm; CAL from 4.63 \u00b1 0.32 to 3.60 \u00b1 0.62 mm; and mSBI from 2.88 \u00b1 0.55 to 1.45 \u00b1 0.57. In Stage III, PPD decreased from 6.29 \u00b1 1.24 to 4.40 \u00b1 0.87 mm; CAL from 7.85 \u00b1 1.11 to 5.81 \u00b1 0.73 mm; and mSBI from 3.63 \u00b1 0.37 to 3.22 \u00b1 0.41 (all\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05). LL-37 expression increased significantly in both groups (Stage II: 3.46 \u00b1 0.35 to 15.1 \u00b1 0.02 and Stage III: 3.88 \u00b1 0.01 to 19.85 \u00b1 0.70;\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001), though correlation with clinical parameters was weak.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n SRP significantly improved clinical outcomes and upregulated LL-37 expression, supporting its potential as a biomarker for early periodontal healing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_405_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]],"date-time":"2025-12-12T15:00:31Z","timestamp":1765551631000},"page":"413-417","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["LL-37 as a biomarker for therapeutic response to scaling and root planing"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Karkala Sunanda","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradeep Kumar","family":"Yadalam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Potluri Leela","family":"Ravishankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prem Blaisie","family":"Rajula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshitha","family":"Ravikumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duraipandian Rex","family":"Arunraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetic Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Chengalpattu, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2008.080213","article-title":"Mapping the pathogenesis of periodontitis: A new look","volume":"79","author":"Kornman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J 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