{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:30:51Z","timestamp":1786649451706,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Gingiva and alveolar mucosa are exposed to similar chronic mechanical irritations in the oral cavity. They are common sites for plaque-induced and nonplaque-induced diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to compare the categories, frequencies, and age distribution of the biopsied gingival and alveolar mucosal lesions, as well as to report their distribution at these two sites.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective study was performed on biopsied gingival and alveolar mucosal lesions taken for 13 years. The necessary information was noted, tabulated, and subjected to statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 5068 biopsies, 302 (5.95%) gingival and 70 (1.38%) alveolar mucosal biopsies were obtained, with female (61.82%) and male dominance (38.17%), respectively. Among gingival biopsies, reactive lesions were the most common (86.75%), followed by inflammatory and immune conditions and lesions (5.29%), neoplasms (3.64%), specific infections (0.33%), and gingival pigmentation (0.33%). The alveolar mucosal biopsies were most commonly diagnosed as well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (58.57%), followed by moderately differentiated (28.57%), poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (5.71%), adenoid cystic carcinoma (2.85%), malignant salivary gland tumor (2.85%), and pyogenic granuloma (1.42%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study results show a high prevalence of gingival and alveolar mucosal biopsied lesions. Most reports suggested a prevalence of reactive lesions in gingival biopsies; on the contrary, alveolar mucosa showed predominance of neoplastic lesions. The two disciplines of dentistry (oral pathology and periodontics) must work together to formulate a functional classification for a definitive diagnosis and an effective treatment plan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_438_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T04:31:53Z","timestamp":1743741113000},"page":"632-637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative evaluation of biopsied gingival and alveolar mucosal lesions: A 13-year retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Akanksha","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, Pandit Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, 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