{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:37:17Z","timestamp":1787071037024,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract:<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Statins, in addition to their hypolipidemic action, also show antibacterial and antifungal activity. The present research examines the antimicrobial activity of simvastatin (SMV) against periodontal microorganisms:\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Prevotella intermedia<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Pi),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Tannerella forsythia<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Tf),\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Fusobacterium nucleatum<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Fn), and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      (Ct).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>SMV was evaluated for minimum inhibitory concentration by microdilution and for antimicrobial susceptibility by agar disc diffusion. The antibiofilm effect of SMV was further compared with chlorhexidine (0.2%) (CHX) at 6 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SMV inhibited all three periodontal bacteria at 0.8 \u03bcg\/ml and inhibited\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ct<\/jats:italic>\n                      at a minimum concentration of 50 \u03bcg\/mL. The mean diameter of the zone of inhibition by SMV for\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Pi, Fn, Tf<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ct<\/jats:italic>\n                      was 13 \u00b1 0.81 mm, 13.33 \u00b1 0.47 mm, 15.33 \u00b1 0.47 mm, and 14 \u00b1 0.81 mm, respectively. SMV showed a peak reduction in colony-forming unit (CFU) counts from baseline (223.42 \u00b1 10.50 CFU\/mm) to 6 h (157.25 \u00b1 8.081 CFU\/mm), which was subsequently sustained. Compared with SMV, CHX demonstrated a slower but more consistent reduction in CFU counts for up to 72 h.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The tested microorganisms were sensitive to SMV. In addition, SMV was as effective as the common antiplaque agent CHX at preventing these organisms and their proliferation in a biofilm environment during the testing periods. The study provides preliminary evidence of the antimicrobial effects of SMV, which warrants further exploration for its dual therapeutic benefits in periodontal applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisp.jisp_439_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T07:00:15Z","timestamp":1772262015000},"page":"627-633","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Anti-infective activity of simvastatin against Candida and selected periodontal pathogens \u2013 An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Sayantan","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratibha","family":"Gopalkrishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1697370","article-title":"The bi-directional relationship between periodontal disease and hyperlipidemia","volume":"2","author":"Fentoglu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"R2-20260228","first-page":"100407","article-title":"More than just teeth:How oral health can affect the heart","volume":"43","author":"Hopkins","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am Heart J Plus"},{"key":"R3-20260228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2016.150648","article-title":"Association between high serum total cholesterol and periodontitis:National health and nutrition examination survey 2011 to 2012 study of American adults","volume":"87","author":"Thapa","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R4-20260228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_316_18","article-title":"Critical appraisal of bidirectional relationship between periodontitis and hyperlipidemia","volume":"9","author":"Abraham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"},{"issue":"Suppl 22","key":"R5-20260228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13290","article-title":"EFP workshop participants and methodological consultants. 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