{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:22:04Z","timestamp":1787772124984,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"2","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["JISPCD"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD), which affects the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joint, and surrounding tissues, can manifest as inflammation. This study aims to explore the expression levels of the inflammatory biomarkers, interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and C-reactive protein (CRP), in TMD patients who have undergone orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Buccal swabs from 105 postorthodontic treatment patients were analyzed using real-time polymerase chain reaction to assess the expression levels of IL-1\u03b2 and CRP in each group after messenger ribonucleic acid extraction. Patients were also examined using the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC\/TMD) to determine if they met the criteria for a TMD diagnosis. The TMD group was subdivided into three categories based on the DC\/TMD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 37 patients who did not develop TMD (group 0) and 68 participants who developed TMD after orthodontic treatment, including 17 with pain-related TMDs (group 1), 29 with intra-articular TMDs (Group 2), and 22 with combined pain-related and intra-articular TMDs (group 3). CRP expression was higher than IL-1\u03b2 in groups 1 and 2, and IL-1\u03b2 expression was higher than CRP in group 3. The Kruskal\u2013Wallis test showed that IL-1\u03b2 and CRP expression levels in groups 1, 2, and 3 were not statistically different. Sex and adult age had considerable effects on the occurrence of TMD in patients after orthodontic treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher IL-1\u03b2 expression was found in postorthodontic treatment patients with more complex TMD. This study strengthens the evidence of inflammation through IL-1\u03b2 and CRP expression in individuals with TMD, especially after orthodontic treatment<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_197_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T16:30:28Z","timestamp":1714494628000},"page":"98-104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of IL-1\u03b2 and CRP mRNA expression levels by RT-PCR in postorthodontic treatment patients with temporomandibular joint disorders: a cross-sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Nada","family":"Ismah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endang Winiati","family":"Bachtiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miesje Karmiati","family":"Purwanegara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ira","family":"Tanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Endah","family":"Mardiati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjajaran, Bandung, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1746416","article-title":"The TMD-7 as a brief measure for assessing temporomandibular disorder","volume":"17","author":"Koufos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"CIT0002-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2018.1440322","article-title":"A high prevalence of TMD is related to somatic awareness and pain intensity among healthy dental students","volume":"76","author":"L\u00f6vgren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"CIT0003-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1032","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.59970","article-title":"Association between orthodontic treatment and the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Coronel-Zubiate","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"key":"CIT0004-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8987","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19158987","article-title":"A Randomized controlled trial evaluating the levels of the biomarkers hs-CRP, IL-6, and IL-8 in patients with temporomandibular disorder treated with LLLT, traditional conservative treatment, and a combination of both","volume":"19","author":"Zwiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"CIT0005-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.15644\/asc55\/2\/4","article-title":"Profiling of patients with temporomandibular disorders: Experience of one tertiary care center","volume":"55","author":"Vrbanovi\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Stomatol Croat"},{"key":"CIT0006-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.13471","article-title":"Longitudinal trends in temporomandibular joint disorder symptoms, the impact of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment: A 20\u2010year prospective study","volume":"50","author":"Myllym\u00e4ki","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"CIT0007-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2319\/010720-863.1","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders in prospective orthodontic patients: Their association with malocclusion severity and impact on oral health\u2013related quality of life","volume":"91","author":"Yap","year":"2021","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"CIT0008-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-4052.194941","article-title":"Analysis of Helkimo index for temporomandibular disorder diagnosis in the dental students of Faridabad city: A cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Rani","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Indian Prosthodont Soc"},{"key":"CIT0009-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/8827895","article-title":"The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and dental attrition levels in patients with posterior crossbite and\/or deep bite: A preliminary prospective study","volume":"2021","author":"Khayat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"CIT0010-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1080\/27705781.2022.2139386","article-title":"Associations among temporomandibular disorder. Headache, shoulder pain, craniofacial morphology, and premature contacts in female children and adolescents with malocclusion","volume":"81","author":"Ohmori","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Investig Orthod"},{"key":"CIT0011-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2017.07.015","article-title":"Do patients with malocclusion have a higher prevalence of temporomandibular disorders than controls both before and after orthognathic surgery? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Al-Moraissi","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Craniomaxillofac Surg"},{"key":"CIT0012-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/08869634.2017.1417765","article-title":"Immunohistochemical analysis of IL-1 receptor 1 in the discs of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction","volume":"37","author":"Almeida","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"key":"CIT0013-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2023.08.006","article-title":"The role of inflammatory markers in temporomandibular myalgia: A systematic review","volume":"59","author":"Farr\u00e9-Guasch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jpn Den Sci Rev"},{"key":"CIT0014-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"C-reactive protein knockout attenuates temporomandibular joint inflammation in rats","volume":"2022","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"CIT0015-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2012.30809","article-title":"Inflammatory markers in temporomandibular joint disorders","volume":"3","author":"Kostrzewa-Janicka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Immunol"},{"key":"CIT0016-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.2319\/051015-318.1","article-title":"Orthodontics is temporomandibular disorder-neutral","volume":"86","author":"Manfredini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"CIT0017-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics10050303","article-title":"Biomarkers for temporomandibular disorders: Current status and future directions","volume":"10","author":"Zwiri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"CIT0018-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013","article-title":"The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: Guidelines for reporting observational studies","volume":"12","author":"von Elm","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"CIT0019-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8895544","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders among dental students in Pakistan: Assessment of prevalence, severity, and associated factors based on questionnaire","volume":"2023","author":"Nazir","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"key":"CIT0020-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2021.02.016","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of the short-form Fonseca Anamnestic Index in relation to the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders","volume":"128","author":"Yap","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"CIT0021-20240828","first-page":"232","article-title":"DNA from buccal swabs suitable for high-throughput SNP multiplex analysis","volume":"20","author":"McMichael","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomol Tech"},{"key":"CIT0023-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12061195","article-title":"Association of oxidative-stress-related gene polymorphisms with pain-related temporomandibular disorders and oral behavioural habits","volume":"12","author":"Vrbanovi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"CIT0025-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-017-2740-4","article-title":"Proinflammatory MG-63 cells response infection with Enterococcus faecalis cps2 evaluated by the expression of TLR-2, IL-1\u03b2, and iNOS mRNA","volume":"10","author":"Bachtiar","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"CIT0026-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_163_21","article-title":"Evaluation of IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2, COX-2, and iNOS mRNA expression in orthodontic patients given chitosan mouthwash during treatment with miniscrew","volume":"11","author":"Anggani","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"},{"key":"CIT0027-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12030789","article-title":"Immunohistochemical markers of temporomandibular disorders: A review of the literature","volume":"12","author":"Almeida","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"CIT0028-20240828","first-page":"7","article-title":"Stomatognathic risk factors and clinical manifestations of temporomandibular disorders in Indian population: A case-control study","volume":"23","author":"Deshpande","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"CIT0029-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-020-04563-y","article-title":"Temporomandibular disorders in ankylosing spondylitis: A cross-sectional, monocentric study","volume":"40","author":"Bilgin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rheumatol Int"},{"key":"CIT0030-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2102-260","article-title":"Dental and temporomandibular joint alterations in rheumatoid arthritis patients and their association with salivary oxidative stress","volume":"51","author":"Yaman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"key":"CIT0031-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0288914","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0288914","article-title":"Assessment of temporomandibular disorders and their relationship with life quality and salivary biomarkers in patients with dentofacial deformities: A clinical observational study. Ferrillo M, ed","volume":"18","author":"Crescente","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"CIT0032-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/03000605211016996","article-title":"Buccal swabs as non-invasive specimens for detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2","volume":"49","author":"Gaur","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"key":"CIT0033-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2020.11233","article-title":"Xanthan gum protects temporomandibular chondrocytes from IL-1\u03b2 through Pin1\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"22","author":"Yuan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Med Rep"},{"key":"CIT0034-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2629791","article-title":"Protective Effect of genistein on condylar cartilage through downregulating NF-B expression in experimentally created osteoarthritis rats","volume":"2019","author":"Yuan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"CIT0035-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-022-06306-9","article-title":"Correlation of CRP genotypes with serum CRP levels and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis in Chinese Han population","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Rheumatol"},{"key":"CIT0036-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2014.09.001","article-title":"Molecular aspects in inflammatory events of temporomandibular joint: Microarray-based identification of mediators","volume":"51","author":"Ogura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Jpn Dent Sci Rev"},{"key":"CIT0037-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpain.2022.852249","article-title":"Action of hyaluronic acid as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule and its function on the treatment of temporomandibular disorders","volume":"3","author":"Ferreira","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Pain Res"},{"key":"CIT0038-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2021.1909746","article-title":"Low-grade inflammation as a potential mediator between depressive symptoms and temporomandibular pain: An 11-year follow-up study on Finnish adults","volume":"79","author":"Banafa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"CIT0039-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical study evaluation of C-reactive protein level in patients with pain form of temporomandibular joint dysfunction","volume":"2018","author":"Pihut","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"key":"CIT0040-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-018-0183-3","article-title":"Antinuclear antibody and rheumatoid factor positivity in temporomandibular disorders","volume":"14","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Head Face Med"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_197_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:29:37Z","timestamp":1787768977000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_197_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_197_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-0762"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-0762","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-08","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-01-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}