{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:30:58Z","timestamp":1787772658757,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"abstract":"\n A\n bstract<\/jats:sc>\n <\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Consumption of different types of beverages and liquid drugs can affect of the surface properties of restorative material. This may lead to an increased probability of dental caries and periodontal inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim:<\/jats:title>\n This study evaluated and compared the effect of amoxicillin suspension (AMS) and azithromycin suspension (AZS) on the surface roughness (SR) of silver-reinforced glass ionomer (SGI) and nano resin-modified glass ionomer (NGI).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Material and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty disks (2\u2009mm height \u00d7 4\u2009mm diameter) of each glass ionomer (GI) type were prepared and subdivided into three groups (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 10), which were separately exposed to AMS, AZS, and artificial saliva (AS). SR was evaluated by atomic force microscopy before and after three-immersion protocols repeated over a 3-week duration with 2-day intervals. In each protocol, the GI samples were exposed weekly to AMS three times daily, AZS once daily, and a full day to AS.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n This study demonstrated, for the first time, the effect of a basic drug (AZS) on the SR of GIs. Intra- and inter-group comparisons showed significant changes (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n \u02c2 0.05) in the SR pattern of the GIs after immersion cycles in AZS, AMS, and AS. However, the acidic medication (AMS) exhibited significantly higher changes in SGI than in NGI.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n The SR of NGIs and SGIs can be significantly affected by the use of AMS and AZS suspensions. SGI demonstrated higher SR deterioration than NGI after immersion cycles in AMS.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_212_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,28]],"date-time":"2024-08-28T04:00:47Z","timestamp":1724817647000},"page":"287-294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Surface Roughness Examination of Glass Ionomer Restorative Cements Treated with Acidic and Basic Pediatric Medications: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Zainab R.","family":"Hasan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pedodontics Department, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor R.","family":"Al-Hasani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali I.","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq"},{"name":"Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King\u2019s College London, London, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ms57e2000","DOI":"10.54905\/disssi\/v26i120\/ms57e2000","article-title":"Effects of pediatric liquid medications on surface properties of dental restorations","volume":"26","author":"Jamal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med Sci"},{"key":"CIT0002-20240828","first-page":"3015","article-title":"Physical properties and chemical kinetics for the interaction of albumin with amoxicillin","volume":"56","author":"Al-Rufaie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iraqi J Sci"},{"key":"CIT0003-20240828","first-page":"125","article-title":"Antibiotic usage in pediatric dentistry: A comprehensive review","volume":"5","author":"Agarwal","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dent Sci Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"CIT0004-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-020-00843-2","article-title":"Consensus statement of the Italian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology for the pragmatic management of children and adolescents with allergic or immunological diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"46","author":"Cardinale","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"CIT0005-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6667624","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6667624","article-title":"Antibiotic therapy in dentistry","volume":"2021","author":"Ahmadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"key":"CIT0006-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-020-00782-x","article-title":"Understanding the impact of antibiotic perturbation on the human microbiome","volume":"12","author":"Schwartz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"CIT0007-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.12701\/yujm.2020.00374","article-title":"Current aspects and prospects of glass ionomer cements for clinical dentistry","volume":"37","author":"Park","year":"2020","journal-title":"Yeungnam Univ J Med"},{"key":"CIT0008-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10024-1850","article-title":"Glass-ionomer cements in restorative dentistry: A critical appraisal","volume":"17","author":"Almuhaiza","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Contemp Dent Pract"},{"key":"CIT0009-20240828","first-page":"1160","article-title":"Nano-glass-ionomer cements in modern restorative dentistry","volume":"22","author":"Lyapina","year":"2016","journal-title":"J IMAB Ann Proc Sci Pap"},{"key":"CIT0010-20240828","first-page":"18","article-title":"An experimental study on the effect of four pediatric drug types on color stability in different tooth-colored restorative materials","volume":"2021","author":"Faghihi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dent Res J"},{"key":"CIT0011-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2020.03.017","article-title":"Effect of pediatric multivitamin syrups and effervescent tablets on the surface microhardness and roughness of restorative materials","volume":"16","author":"Guler","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"CIT0012-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4103\/denthyp.denthyp_149_22","article-title":"Effect of amoxicillin and azithromycin suspensions on microhardness of sliver reinforced and nano resin-modified glass ionomers: An in vitro study","volume":"14","author":"Hasan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dent Hypotheses"},{"key":"CIT0013-20240828","first-page":"123","article-title":"Effect of paediatric liquid medications on surface roughness of dental restorative materials","volume":"7","author":"Apeksha","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Adv Med Dent Sci Res"},{"key":"CIT0014-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1037\/a0015808","article-title":"An effect size primer: A guide for clinicians and researchers","volume":"40","author":"Ferguson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prof Psychol: Res Pract"},{"key":"CIT0015-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_112_23","article-title":"The efficacy of little lovely dentist and tell show do in alleviating dental anxiety in Iraqi Children: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"13","author":"Aziz","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prevent Communit Dent"},{"key":"CIT0016-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.114362","article-title":"Effects of home bleaching on surface hardness and surface roughness of an experimental nanocomposite","volume":"16","author":"Zuryati","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"CIT0017-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572007000400012","article-title":"Microhardness of composite resins at different depths varying the post-irradiation time","volume":"15","author":"Ciccone-Nogueira","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Appl Oral Sci"},{"key":"CIT0018-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.62637","article-title":"The effect of one-step and multi-step polishing systems on surface texture of two different resin composites","volume":"13","author":"Bashetty","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"CIT0019-20240828","first-page":"7","article-title":"The effect of cyclic immersion in cola drinks on the surface microhardness and surface roughness of different composite filling resin materials","volume":"22","author":"Abu-Naila","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Baghdad Coll Dent"},{"key":"CIT0020-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-45980-9","article-title":"A novel etchant system for orthodontic bracket bonding","volume":"9","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"CIT0021-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/s00284-011-9937-x","article-title":"Improved artificial saliva for studying the cariogenic effect of carbohydrates","volume":"63","author":"Bj\u00f6rklund","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Microbiol"},{"key":"CIT0022-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23584","article-title":"The effect of various asthma medications on surface roughness of pediatric dental restorative materials: An atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy study","volume":"84","author":"Candan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"CIT0023-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-016-0124-2","article-title":"Impact of nanohydroxyapatite on enamel surface roughness and color change after orthodontic debonding","volume":"17","author":"Ajami","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"CIT0024-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6700(01)00006-5","article-title":"Glass-ionomer dental restoratives","volume":"26","author":"Culbertson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Prog Polym Sci"},{"key":"CIT0025-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0039-1698934","article-title":"Evaluation of surface roughness and hardness of different glass ionomer cements","volume":"6","author":"Bala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Dent"},{"key":"CIT0026-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2014.08.019","article-title":"Characterisation and quantification of membrane surface properties using atomic force microscopy: A comprehensive review","volume":"356","author":"Johnson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"CIT0027-20240828","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effect of mouth rinses on surface roughness of two methacrylate-based and siloraine-based composite resins","volume":"325","author":"Kadhim","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Baghdad Coll Dent"},{"key":"CIT0028-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.131791","article-title":"The effect of different beverages on surface hardness of nanohybrid resin composite and giomer","volume":"17","author":"Tanthanuch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Conserv Dent"},{"key":"CIT0029-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.3390\/jcs5110298","article-title":"In vitro weight loss of dental composite resins and glass-ionomer cements exposed to A challenge simulating the oral intake of acidic drinks and foods","volume":"5","author":"Colombo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Compos Sci"},{"key":"CIT0030-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E109","DOI":"10.2341\/12-340","article-title":"Influence of chemical degradation on the surface properties of nano restorative materials","volume":"39","author":"De Paula","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"key":"CIT0031-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2709","DOI":"10.21608\/edj.2017.76235","article-title":"Compressive strength and surface roughness of ceramic reinforced glass ionomer subjected to chemical challenge","volume":"63","author":"Hafez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Egyptian Dent J"},{"key":"CIT0032-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering7040150","article-title":"Acid resistance of glass ionomer cement restorative materials","volume":"7","author":"Perera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"key":"CIT0033-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58091149","article-title":"The impact of simulated gastric acid and toothbrushing on surface characteristics of resin-modified glass-ionomer cements","volume":"58","author":"T\u0103r\u0103boan\u021b\u0103","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicina"},{"key":"CIT0034-20240828","first-page":"18","article-title":"Effect of fluoride varnish on glass ionomer microhardness changes in endogenous acid erosion challenge","volume":"8","author":"Moharramkhani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomater Investig Dent"},{"key":"CIT0035-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.2341\/23-038-L","article-title":"Surface degradation of ion-releasing restorative materials with cariogenic challenge","volume":"49","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Opera Dent"},{"key":"CIT0036-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines10071755","article-title":"Conventional and resin-modified glass ionomer cement surface characteristics after acidic challenges","volume":"10","author":"Nica","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"CIT0037-20240828","first-page":"686","article-title":"Effect of simulated gastric juice on surface characteristics of direct esthetic restorations","volume":"6","author":"Zaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aust J Basic Appl Sci"},{"key":"CIT0038-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2012.09.012","article-title":"Properties of dental resins submitted to pH catalysed hydrolysis","volume":"40","author":"Cilli","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"CIT0039-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.26477\/jbcd.v35i4.3505","article-title":"Color stability of nano resin-modified glass Ionomer restorative cement after acidic and basic medications challenge","volume":"35","author":"Hasan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Baghdad Coll Dent"},{"key":"CIT0040-20240828","first-page":"854","article-title":"Effect of different pH solvents on micro-hardness and surface topography of dental nano-composite: An in vitro analysis","volume":"31","author":"Khan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"CIT0041-20240828","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.2341\/10-406-L","article-title":"Effect of chemical and mechanical degradation on surface roughness of three glass ionomers and a nanofilled resin composite","volume":"37","author":"Carvalho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oper Dent"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_212_23","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:07:42Z","timestamp":1787771262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_212_23"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_212_23","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-0762","2250-1002"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-0762","type":"print"},{"value":"2250-1002","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-12-31","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-03-27","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}