{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:32:28Z","timestamp":1787070748573,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1751328000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This research was conducted to measure stress dissemination in the mandibular dental arch and identify possible mandibular deformations that may arise from three states of tongue behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A three-dimensional evaluation of the finite-element model was used to express the tongue muscles\u2019 potential impact on the mandible\u2019s anterior region. The computer-aided design software was used to develop the model. A force of 1, 7, and 500\u2009g\/cm\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      , representing normal rest position, normal function, and tongue thrust, respectively, was applied perpendicular to the lingual surface of the anterior part of the mandible and mandibular anterior teeth.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A higher von Mises stress, 177\u2009MPa, was recorded in the abnormal tongue behavior state. The displacement detected in all three planes,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">x<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">y<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">z<\/jats:italic>\n                      , of space was highest (0.004, 0.002, and 0.03\u2009mm, respectively) in abnormal tongue behavior and lowest in normal function (0.0000088, 0.0000047, and 0.000061\u2009mm, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The development and growth of the craniofacial structure, possibly affected by the forces originating from abnormal tongue behavior, which could lead to outward and high pressure on the anterior structure of the mandible, with concomitant deviation in the form and position of the mandible\u2019s anterior structure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_38_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T12:00:08Z","timestamp":1755172808000},"page":"357-363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Tongue Behaviors and Their Impact On Mandibular Anterior Structure: A Finite-Element Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Niam","family":"Alsaleem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saba","family":"Al Zubaidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mustafa","family":"Alsultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0001-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-023-00241-4","article-title":"The interaction between the nervous and stomatognathic systems: Development to diseases","volume":"15","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Oral Sci"},{"key":"CIT0002-20250902","first-page":"920","article-title":"Functional assessment of the stomatognathic system. Part 1: The role of static elements of analysis","volume":"52","author":"Saratti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"CIT0003-20250902","first-page":"e61281","article-title":"The influence of the tongue on the development of dental malocclusion","volume":"16","author":"Deshkar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"CIT0005-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019143","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.1019143","article-title":"A self-reported cross-sectional study on the oral function and the quality of life in children with stunted growth","volume":"10","author":"Sianturi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"key":"CIT0008-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-020-03467-2","article-title":"Numerical simulation of the optimal range of rotational moment for the mandibular lateral incisor, canine and first premolar based on biomechanical responses of periodontal ligaments: A case study","volume":"25","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"CIT0010-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobcr.2021.05.004","article-title":"Finite element analysis of the stress released by buccinator muscle in the mandibular dental arch during sucking habits","volume":"11","author":"Al Zubaidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Oral Biol Craniofac Res"},{"key":"CIT0011-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.4103\/jos.jos_16_23","article-title":"Stress effect on the mandibular dental arch by mentalis muscle overactivity, finite element analysis","volume":"12","author":"Al Zubaidi","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"key":"CIT0012-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.2319\/050120-377.1","article-title":"Mechanical environment for lower canine T-loop retraction compared to en-masse space closure with a power-arm attached to either the canine bracket or the archwire","volume":"90","author":"Jiang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"CIT0013-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0722.1995.tb00028.x","article-title":"Sleeping positions and dental arch dimensions in children with suspected obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"103","author":"Piril\u00e4","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur J Oral Sci"},{"key":"CIT0014-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11348","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph182111348","article-title":"Effects of oral function training and oral health status on physical performance in potentially dependent older adults","volume":"18","author":"Sasajima","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"CIT0015-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3202","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12093202","article-title":"Oral health factors related to rapid oral health deterioration among older adults: A narrative review","volume":"12","author":"Desai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"CIT0016-20250902","first-page":"e2021005","article-title":"The relationship between dysphagia, oral health, masticatory performance, and activities of daily living in elderly individuals as assessed by the eating assessment tool","volume":"23","author":"Bayram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Progr Nutr"},{"key":"CIT0017-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.12501","article-title":"Development of a European consensus from dentists, dental hygienists, and physicians on a standard for oral health care in care-dependent older people: An e-Delphi study","volume":"38","author":"Charadram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"CIT0018-20250902","first-page":"195","article-title":"Influence of resting tongue posture on mandibular arch width and vertical dimensions of face","volume":"37","author":"Tariq","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med Inst"},{"key":"CIT0019-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.18231\/j.ijohd.2021.054","article-title":"Evaluation of tongue posture and dimensions about skeletal Class I and Class II patterns- A cephalometric study","volume":"7","author":"Chhabra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Oral Health Dent"},{"key":"CIT0020-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1007\/s00455-020-10136-9","article-title":"Influence of the craniocervical posture on tongue strength and endurance","volume":"36","author":"Paris-Alemany","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dysphagia"},{"key":"CIT0021-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20190494","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20190494","article-title":"Changing trabecular patterns in panoramic radiographs of Swedish women during 25 years of follow-up","volume":"49","author":"Geraets","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"CIT0022-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.07.022","article-title":"Tongue movements in patients with skeletal Class III malocclusions evaluated with real-time balanced turbo field echo cine magnetic resonance imaging","volume":"139","author":"G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"CIT0023-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.10.002","article-title":"Real-time balanced turbo field echo cine-magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of tongue movements during deglutition in subjects with anterior open bite","volume":"129","author":"Akin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"CIT0024-20250902","first-page":"141","article-title":"Relationship between dental occlusion and maximum tongue pressure in preschool children aged 4-6 years","volume":"9","author":"Sasaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"CIT0025-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01152.2014","article-title":"Effect of unilateral nasal obstruction on tongue protrusion forces in growing rats","volume":"118","author":"Uchima Koecklin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"CIT0026-20250902","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Effects of breast-feeding duration, bottle-feeding duration, and oral habits on the occlusal characteristics of primary dentition","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"key":"CIT0027-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1855","article-title":"Effectiveness of tongue crib combination treating severe skeletal angle class III malocclusion in mixed dentition","volume":"13","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"CIT0028-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2011.00015.x","article-title":"Macroglossia","volume":"61","author":"Topouzelis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"CIT0029-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.12.005","article-title":"Anterior open bite and its relationship with dental arch dimensions and tongue position during swallowing and phonation in individuals aged 8-16 years: A retrospective case-control study","volume":"19","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"key":"CIT0030-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11080191","article-title":"The effects of the Myobrace\u00ae system on peripheral blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) in patients with mixed dentition with oral dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Levrini","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dent J"},{"key":"CIT0031-20250902","first-page":"91","article-title":"Open bite: A review of etiology and management","volume":"19","author":"Ngan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"CIT0032-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2221285","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.27.6.e2221285.oar","article-title":"Association between atypical swallowing and malocclusions: A systematic review","volume":"27","author":"Gon\u00e7alves","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"key":"CIT0033-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-003-0313-8","article-title":"Orthodontic findings in the deciduous and early mixed dentition--Inferences for a preventive strategy","volume":"64","author":"Stahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"CIT0034-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq042","article-title":"Altered oral sensory perception in tongue thrusters with an anterior open bite","volume":"33","author":"Premkumar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Orthodontics"},{"key":"CIT0035-20250902","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aanat.2011.01.012","article-title":"Changes of oral sensibility in subjects with partial anterior open bite and the incorrect position of the tongue","volume":"194","author":"Koczorowski","year":"2012","journal-title":"Annal Anat"}],"container-title":["Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_38_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:35:58Z","timestamp":1787067358000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_38_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_38_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["2231-0762","2250-1002"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2231-0762","type":"print"},{"value":"2250-1002","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-02-25","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-07-23","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}