{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:43:34Z","timestamp":1787071414512,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,1]],"date-time":"2025-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761955200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnancy-induced hormonal shifts can exacerbate periodontal disease, yet trimester-specific data, especially from sub-Saharan populations, are scarce. This study assessed and compared periodontal status and treatment needs between pregnant and non-pregnant women in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, with attention to changes across trimesters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A multicenter cross-sectional study included 307 pregnant women and 309 age-matched non-pregnant controls. Standardized clinical indices, including oral hygiene index-simplified, bleeding on probing, periodontal pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss, and community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) were used. Data were analyzed using Chi-square tests, t tests, and multivariate logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pregnant women exhibited significantly worse periodontal health. A higher proportion of pregnant women had PPD &gt; 4 mm (26% vs. 19%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.049) and required advanced periodontal treatment (CPITN treatment need III: 26% vs. 18%,\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.013) compared to non-pregnant controls. Periodontal disease severity progressed with gestation: localized gingivitis peaked in the second trimester (50%), while periodontitis was most prevalent in the third trimester (59%). After adjusting for confounders, gestational status was independently associated with higher odds of periodontitis (OR = 2.87, 95% CI: 1.06\u20137.91).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnancy is significantly associated with deteriorating periodontal health and increased treatment needs, particularly in the second and third trimesters. These findings underscore the urgent need to integrate trimester-specific periodontal screening and preventive care into routine antenatal services to improve maternal oral and systemic health.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_47_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T09:00:09Z","timestamp":1763802009000},"page":"517-527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Periodontal Health Trajectories across Trimesters in Pregnant Women Compared to Non-pregnant Controls: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Ekofo Inganya","family":"Edize","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diawara","family":"Ousseynou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Service de Parodontologie CHU-CNOS, Bamako, Mali"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mbungu","family":"Muimba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Em","family":"Kalala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kahinfo Muyayalo","family":"Patric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kayembe Mwimbi","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamango Ntambwe","family":"Erick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nyimi Bushabu","family":"Fidele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Head and Neck Oncology Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo"},{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Service of Maxillofacial-Head Oncology, National Center Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Research Innovation 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