{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:30:39Z","timestamp":1786649439086,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,1]],"date-time":"2025-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746057600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>bstract<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and early childhood caries (ECC) is increasing globally. The association between ASD and ECC remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for ECC in children with ASD in Kazakhstan and Ukraine.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This multi-center observational study included 190 children aged 5\u20136 years (125 with ASD and 65 without ASD) from Kazakhstan (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 98) and Ukraine (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 92). Data on oral hygiene practices, dietary habits, and oral fluid pH were collected through parental surveys and clinical examinations. Oral hygiene was assessed using a modified plaque index (Kazakhstan) and the Fedorov\u2013Volodkina index (Ukraine). Statistical analysis included the average values of quantitative data, and the Student\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      test was calculated. Mixed-effects analysis of variance was used for intergroup and intragroup comparison of the results of the quality of hygiene in children 5\u20136 years.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Kazakhstan, only 16.07% of children with ASD brushed their teeth twice daily, compared to 33.33% in Ukraine. Mean plaque index scores indicated poor oral hygiene in children with ASD in both Kazakhstan (2.6 \u00b1 0.14) and Ukraine (2.70 \u00b1 0.13). Oral fluid pH was significantly lower (more acidic) in children with ASD in both Kazakhstan (5.53 \u00b1 0.07) and Ukraine (5.96 \u00b1 0.07) compared with controls. The dietary habits observed slow eating patterns in the ASD group from the range of 8.70\u201325%.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children with ASD in both Kazakhstan and Ukraine exhibit a higher risk for ECC, which is associated with poor oral hygiene practices and acidic oral pH. These findings highlight the need for targeted oral health interventions and guidelines for children with ASD, irrespective of geographic location.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.jispcd_91_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,1]],"date-time":"2025-07-01T20:00:57Z","timestamp":1751400057000},"page":"247-256","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Risk Factors of Early Dental Caries in Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders in the Republic of Kazakhstan and Ukraine"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Abdukalikova Delmira","family":"Bakytbekovna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan School of Public Health, Kazakhstan\u2019s Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhamilya U.","family":"\u0415rkibayeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulzhan T.","family":"Yermukhanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kazakh National Medical University named after S.D. Asfendiyarov, Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inessa","family":"Yakubova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Therapeutic Dentistry, Private Higher Educational Establishment \u201cKyiv Medical University\u201d, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serhii","family":"Tsypan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Therapeutic Dentistry, Private Higher Educational Establishment \u201cKyiv Medical University\u201d, Kyiv, Ukraine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alma-Gul R.","family":"Ryskulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Social Sciences, Kazakhstan School of Public Health, Kazakhstan\u2019s Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abhinav","family":"Talekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, M A Rangoonawala Dental College, Pune, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"CIT0002-20250702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2020.06.011","article-title":"Syndromic autism revisited: Review of the literature and lessons learned","volume":"114","author":"Ziats","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"CIT0004-20250702","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e623","DOI":"10.24265\/liberabit.2023.v29n1.623","article-title":"Expansion of knowledge, practice and public policy with the ICD-11 for psychologists and mental health professionals: A literature review and critical 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