{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:23:54Z","timestamp":1787772234728,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Interproximal contact morphology of primary molars influences plaque retention and self-cleansing ability, which may affect plaque accumulation and gingival health in children. However, evidence linking open, point, straight\/broad, or curved\/broad (OXIS) contact types with plaque-related gingival indicators in the primary dentition remains limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the association between OXIS interproximal contact morphology and plaque and gingival indicators in children aged 3\u20139 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This cross-sectional observational study included 98 systemically healthy children aged 3\u20139 years, with sample size determined using G*Power software. Interproximal contacts between primary molars were clinically classified as OXIS. Plaque accumulation and gingival inflammatory status were assessed using the Plaque Index, Gingival Index, and Russell\u2019s Periodontal Index, which reflects plaque-induced gingivitis rather than true periodontal disease in children. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey\u2019s\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                      test, and multivariate regression analysis (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Open contacts were the most prevalent (38%). X-type contacts demonstrated significantly higher plaque and gingival scores compared with O-type contacts (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). I-type contacts also showed higher scores, while S-type contacts did not demonstrate significant differences. X- and I-type contact morphologies were identified as independent predictors of increased plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OXIS interproximal contact morphology is significantly associated with plaque accumulation and gingival status in the primary dentition. X-type contacts exhibit the highest plaque-retentive potential, emphasizing the relevance of OXIS assessment in identifying plaque-retentive sites that may benefit from targeted preventive care in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_14_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T07:00:47Z","timestamp":1772175647000},"page":"84-88","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the association between OXIS interproximal contact morphology and plaque and gingival indicators in children"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Kirti","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sunil","family":"Panwar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Pacific Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1965.36.3.177","article-title":"Experimental gingivitis in man","volume":"36","author":"Loe","year":"1965","journal-title":"J Periodontol (1930)"},{"key":"R2-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0757.2002.290108.x","article-title":"Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases in children and young persons","volume":"29","author":"Albandar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"R3-20260227","first-page":"951","article-title":"Morphology of proximal surfaces of primary molars: Implications for caries development","volume":"22","author":"Cort\u00e9s","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"R4-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14713.2","article-title":"Proposed classification for interproximal contacts of primary molars using CBCT: A pilot study","volume":"3","author":"Kirthiga","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"key":"R5-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.17796\/1053-4625-45.2.5","article-title":"Morphological classification of marginal ridge contacts in primary molars","volume":"45","author":"Cho","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R6-20260227","first-page":"197","article-title":"OXIS classification of interproximal contacts of primary molars and its prevalence in three- to four-year-olds","volume":"42","author":"Muthu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R7-20260227","first-page":"ZC01","article-title":"Prevalence of OXIS contacts between the primary molars in 3- to 9-year-old children: A cross-sectional study","volume":"18","author":"Winnier","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"key":"R8-20260227","first-page":"296","article-title":"OXIS contacts as a risk factor for approximal caries: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"43","author":"Muthu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R9-20260227","first-page":"29","article-title":"Impact of contact morphology on approximal caries among primary molars","volume":"33","author":"Subramaniam","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R10-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356408993968","article-title":"Periodontal disease in pregnancy. 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Correlation between oral hygiene and periodontal condition","volume":"22","author":"Silness","year":"1964","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"R11-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.3109\/00016356309011240","article-title":"Periodontal disease in pregnancy","volume":"21","author":"L\u00f6e","year":"1963","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"key":"R12-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345560350030401","article-title":"A system of classification and scoring for prevalence surveys of periodontal disease","volume":"35","author":"Russell","year":"1956","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R14-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345760550051101","article-title":"Periodontal disease among children with Down's syndrome and their siblings","volume":"55","author":"Orner","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R15-20260227","first-page":"35","article-title":"Evaluation of Russell's index in 1,100 primary school children in Belo Horizonte \u2013Brazil","volume":"6","author":"Marcos","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arq Cent Estud Fac Odontol UFMG (Belo Horiz)"},{"key":"R16-20260227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1971.42.8.508","article-title":"The prevalence of periodontal disease in different populations during the circumpubertal period","volume":"42","author":"Russell","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R17-20260227","first-page":"176","article-title":"Is there an association between various aspects of oral health in Southern Italy children?An epidemiological study assessing dental decays, periodontal status, malocclusions and temporomandibular joint function","volume":"19","author":"Paduano","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Dent"}],"container-title":["Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_14_26","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:34:28Z","timestamp":1787769268000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_14_26"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_14_26","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-4388","1998-3905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-4388","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3905","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-09","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-08","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}