{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:58:52Z","timestamp":1787169532135,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Palatal rugae, or palatal folds, are the unique anatomical features on the hard palate that emerge during fetal development and remain stable throughout the life. These features are valuable for human identification in forensic science, as they are less prone to damage from thermal exposure or physical trauma.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to determine if there is an association between different palatal rugae patterns and terminal planes in primary dentition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study population consisted of 600 children aged 3\u20136 years, classified into three terminal planes: mesial step, distal step, and flush terminal plane. Palatal rugae were analyzed using the modified Thomas and Kotze classification system, and data were assessed using the Chi-square tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Results showed no significant differences in the number, unification, or orientation of rugae between the terminal planes. However, a significant difference was found in the shape of the rugae, with circular and wavy patterns being more predominant in the mesial and distal step terminal planes, respectively. The most common shape of the incisive papilla was droplet-shaped across all groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings suggest that while palatal rugae patterns can offer insights into occlusal relationships in primary dentition, they do not show strong association with the terminal planes of primary molar relationships. The study highlights the potential for early diagnosis and preventive interventions in pediatric dentistry based on palatal rugae patterns.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_195_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]],"date-time":"2025-11-14T12:00:13Z","timestamp":1763121613000},"page":"499-503","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Association between palatal rugae patterns and terminal planes in primary dentition: Implications for the early detection of malocclusion"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Vishnu Rekha","family":"Chamarthi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. K. R. Santhosh","family":"Priya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sai Sarath","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dhanraj","family":"Kalaivanan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santham","family":"Krishnamoorthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumaiyya","family":"Saleem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Sathyabama Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s41935-023-00334-5","article-title":"Characteristic changes of the palatal rugae following orthodontic treatment","volume":"13","author":"Ziar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Egypt J Forensic Sci"},{"key":"R2-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2948.60378","article-title":"Importance of palatal rugae in individual identification","volume":"1","author":"Bansode","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Forensic Dent Sci"},{"key":"R3-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S358","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.100271","article-title":"Comparative study of palatal rugae pattern in class II div 1 and class I individuals","volume":"4","author":"Gandikota","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"key":"R4-20251117","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative reliability of rugoscopy and dactyloscopy for the predilection of malocclusion and dental caries in children: A cohort study","volume":"17","author":"Cheeli","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pes Bras Odontopediatr Clin Integr"},{"key":"R5-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-020-00256-0","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of palatal rugae in different malocclusions","volume":"82","author":"Saadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"R6-20251117","first-page":"e40544","article-title":"An association of morphological characteristics of palatal rugae and dental malocclusion in an adult Indian population: A cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Thoke","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R7-20251117","first-page":"158","article-title":"The palatal Ruga pattern in six Southern African human populations. 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A pilot study","volume":"6","author":"Kapoor","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Forensic Res"},{"key":"R18-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10005-1642","article-title":"Rugoscopy as a gender determination tool and its appositeness in malocclusion among adolescents aged 13-18 years","volume":"12","author":"Lalitya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R19-20251117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.25259\/DJIGIMS_35_2024","article-title":"Morphological Characteristics of the Incisive Papilla in Pediatric Forensic Odontology: A Cross-Sectional Study","volume":"4","author":"Santhosh Priya","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dent J Indira Gandhi Int Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_195_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T19:06:01Z","timestamp":1787166361000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_195_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_195_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-4388","1998-3905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-4388","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3905","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-05-22","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-15","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}