{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T10:47:34Z","timestamp":1792061254440,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although there have been numerous studies on dental caries in children with Down syndrome, the reports are conflicting. Studies on salivary chemical composition of children with Down syndrome are limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study aims to evaluate and compare the dental caries experience, salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity, and concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, total proteins, and sialic acid in children with Down syndrome and healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Forty subjects with Down syndrome aged 5\u201318 years fulfilling the eligibility criteria from six special schools were selected by snowball sampling. Sixty healthy controls from six neighborhood schools fulfilling the eligibility criteria were selected by simple random sampling by matching the age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Sociodemographic data, oral hygiene practices, diet history and dental caries experience were recorded. About 6 mL of stimulated whole saliva was collected. Salivary flow rate, salivary pH, buffering capacity, and the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, total proteins, and sialic acid were determined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      There was no significant difference in the mean proportional caries rate between the study and control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.90). Salivary pH (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.00) and salivary sodium concentration (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.02) were significantly low in the study group than the control group. Salivary buffering capacity was significantly higher in the study group than the control group (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Dental caries experience of children with Down syndrome was similar to the healthy controls. School health programs could be implemented in special schools to improve oral and general health of special children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_296_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T05:01:52Z","timestamp":1716267712000},"page":"274-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Comparison of Dental Caries Experience and Salivary Parameters Among Children with Down Syndrome and Healthy Controls in Chennai, Tamil Nadu"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Sujatha","family":"Anandan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagesh","family":"Lakshminarayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karibasappa Gundabaktharu","family":"Nagappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R2-9-20240905","first-page":"112","article-title":"Mental retardation: Definitions, etiology, epidemiology and diagnosis","volume":"1","author":"Armatas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Sport Health Res"},{"key":"R4-9-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2004.00457.x","article-title":"Dental caries and salivary immunoglobulin A in Down syndrome children","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"R5-9-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.1991.tb00819.x","article-title":"Dental caries and periodontitis in persons with Down syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Ulseth","year":"1991","journal-title":"Spec Care Dentist"},{"key":"R6-9-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-5712(98)00030-X","article-title":"Salivary sialic acid, protein, salivary flow rate, pH, buffering capacity and caries indices in subjects with Down's syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Yarat","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"R7-9-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2005.06.001","article-title":"Evaluation of the relationship between caries indices and salivary secretory IgA, salivary pH, buffering capacity and flow rate in children with Down's syndrome","volume":"51","author":"Cogulu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"R8-9-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1986.57.5.288","article-title":"The prevalence of periodontitis and dental caries in a Down's syndrome population","volume":"57","author":"Barnett","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"R9-9-20240905","first-page":"279","article-title":"The relationship between dental caries in the primary dentition and anti S. mutans serum antibodies in children with Down's syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Morinushi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R10-9-20240905","first-page":"151","article-title":"Incidence of dental caries and periodontal disease in Down's syndrome","volume":"36","author":"Kroll","year":"1970","journal-title":"N Y State Dent J"},{"key":"R11-9-20240905","first-page":"102","article-title":"Dental disease in children with Down's syndrome","volume":"8","author":"Swallow","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Ment Defic Res"},{"key":"R12-9-20240905","first-page":"85","article-title":"An odontological study on Down's syndrome. 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