{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T16:43:37Z","timestamp":1786725817625,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Context:<\/jats:title>\n Disturbances in sleep affects the overall quality of a child\u2019s life, with several short- and long-lasting consequences. Hence, early diagnosis and monitoring is crucial in the management of sleep disorders in children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aims:<\/jats:title>\n The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in a group of children with Class II malocclusion and sleep problems before and after twin-block appliance therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n The study was a prospective clinical study with a 9-month follow-up period.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n Eleven children aged 8\u201312 years with skeletal Class II malocclusion and at least one sleep disorder were enrolled in the study. All children were subjected to a recording of their sleep history and a clinical as well as radiographic examination. Pretreatment levels of salivary CRP were recorded. A twin-block appliance was custom made and delivered to every child. At the end of 9-month follow-up, all children were recalled for a re-evaluation of salivary biomarker levels.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n \n Pretreatment and posttreatment changes in biomarker levels were assessed statistically using the students paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n Levels of salivary biomarker CRP were significantly decreased in children following myofunctional therapy using a twin-block appliance (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.001). There was a considerable improvement in the clinical symptoms such as a decrease in snoring and noisy breathing in most children post-twin-block therapy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The measurement of salivary biomarker CRP could be used as an alternative and noninvasive method to evaluate prognosis of oral myofunctional therapy for children with sleep disordered breathing.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_338_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,17]],"date-time":"2023-10-17T10:15:59Z","timestamp":1697537759000},"page":"190-196","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Salivary biomarker C-reactive protein levels in children with sleep problems and Class II malocclusion before and after twin-block therapy"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Trupti B.","family":"Bhosale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, NITTE (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vabitha","family":"Shetty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, NITTE (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meghna","family":"Bhandary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, NITTE (Deemed to be University), AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Mangalore, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prajna P.","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and 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