{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:59:38Z","timestamp":1790171978843,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n To compare the remineralization potential of chitosan-fluoride-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FMSN) hydrogel and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) paste on artificially demineralized enamel of primary teeth.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Thirty extracted primary central incisors were randomly allocated into two groups (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 15). Group CH received Chitosan-FMSN hydrogel, and Group GC received CPP-ACPF paste. The remineralizing agents were applied twice daily for 3 months. Remineralization was assessed using DIAGNOdent\n \u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n , while elemental composition and surface morphology were evaluated using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Statistical Analysis:<\/jats:title>\n \n Intergroup comparisons were performed using an independent Student\u2019s\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test, and intragroup comparisons were performed using a paired\n t<\/jats:italic>\n -test. Statistical significance was set at\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The CPP-ACPF group showed a significant increase in calcium content from 55.47% to 67.96% (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.001), whereas the Chitosan-FMSN group showed a decrease from 53.59% to 42.37% (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.095). The Ca\/P ratio increased from 1.25 to 2.62 in the CPP-ACPF group and decreased from 1.16 to 1.04 in the Chitosan-FMSN group, with a significant intergroup difference at three months (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.003). DIAGNOdent\n \u00ae<\/jats:sup>\n values decreased from 10.66 to 2.40 in the CPP-ACPF group and from 10.06 to 4.26 in the Chitosan-FMSN group. FE-SEM demonstrated greater surface mineral coverage in the CPP-ACPF group.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n Under the conditions of this\n in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n study, CPP-ACPF demonstrated greater remineralization-associated changes than Chitosan-FMSN hydrogel in primary enamel.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_343_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:00:50Z","timestamp":1790096450000},"page":"602-608","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative evaluation of the remineralization potential of chitosan-fluoride-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles hydrogel and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride paste on the enamel of primary teeth: An in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"N. K.","family":"Suma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.N.","family":"Shwetha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajeev J.","family":"Mudakavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, The Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. V.","family":"Basavaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, The Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nikitha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutics, The Faculty of Pharmacy, M.S. 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