{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T06:31:03Z","timestamp":1788849063097,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is considered the cornerstone in achieving anesthesia for mandibular molars. However, failure of routine lignocaine IANB to achieve profound anesthesia of the pulp has been reported in patients with molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Articaine 4% with epinephrine 1:100,000 has proven to provide total pain relief during most dental procedures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to assess and compare the pain perception level in children using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) during root canal treatment after administering 4% articaine buccal infiltration (BI), 4% articaine IANB, and 2% lignocaine IANB.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Subjects and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty-seven children aged 8\u201312 years, requiring root canal treatment of mandibular first permanent molars with MIH were randomly allocated into three groups - 4% articaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) BI, 4% articaine (1:100,000 epinephrine) IANB, and 2% lignocaine IANB. The efficacy of the anesthetic was determined by rating the pain perception of the child using a VAS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Statistical Analysis Used:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The scores marked by the children on the VAS were recorded and were statistically analyzed. Data were entered into Microsoft excel data sheet and were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 17.0.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients anesthetized with 4% articaine IANB presented lesser pain scores compared to IANB with 2% lidocaine and 4% articaine BI on access opening and instrumentation of the root canals.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>4% articaine IANB has better anesthetic efficacy than 4% articaine BI and 2% lignocaine IANB in anesthetising mandibular first permanent molars with MIH.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_375_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]],"date-time":"2024-01-18T07:00:45Z","timestamp":1705561245000},"page":"316-321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Anesthetic efficacy of 4% articaine versus 2% lignocaine in root canal treatment of teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Ann Mary","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajeena","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Anandaraj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1159\/000047479","article-title":"Molar-incisor hypomineralisation","volume":"35","author":"Weerheijm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"R2-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0528.1987.tb00538.x","article-title":"Epidemiologic study of idiopathic enamel hypomineralization in permanent teeth of Swedish children","volume":"15","author":"Koch","year":"1987","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"R3-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000047428","article-title":"Nonfluoride hypomineralizations in the permanent first molars and their impact on the treatment need","volume":"35","author":"Lepp\u00e4niemi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"R4-20240905","first-page":"36","article-title":"The prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization:evidence from 70 studies","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R5-20240905","first-page":"224","article-title":"Molar incisor hypomineralization:review and recommendations for clinical management","volume":"28","author":"William","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R6-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2007.00908.x","article-title":"Bacterial invasion of dentinal tubules beneath apparently intact but hypomineralized enamel in molar teeth with molar incisor hypomineralization","volume":"18","author":"Fagrell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R7-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0960-7439.2001.00318.x","article-title":"Dental treatment, dental fear and behaviour management problems in children with severe enamel hypomineralization of their permanent first molars","volume":"12","author":"J\u00e4levik","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"R8-20240905","first-page":"22","article-title":"Adjuncts to traditional local anesthesia techniques in instance of hypomineralized teeth","volume":"77","author":"Discepolo","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Y State Dent J"},{"key":"R9-20240905","article-title":"Handbook of local anesthesia","author":"Malamed","year":"2013"},{"key":"R10-20240905","first-page":"ZC65","article-title":"Anaesthetic Efficacy of 4% Articaine Mandibular Buccal Infiltration Compared To 2% Lignocaine Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Children with Irreversible Pulpitis","volume":"9","author":"Arali","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res JCDR"},{"key":"R11-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-9785(74)80007-4","article-title":"E &Patirupanusara, B. 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