{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T13:59:42Z","timestamp":1790171982668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Early childhood caries (ECC) is a chronic, infectious, and transmissible condition with a complex multifactorial etiology, aspects of which remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate differences in enamel loss and surface roughness between primary teeth affected by ECC and those of caries-free dentition.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty-four extracted human primary incisors from two groups of children were allocated to two study groups: Group I (ECC-affected;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 32) and Group II (caries-free;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 32). All samples underwent artificial demineralization by immersion in 0.1 mol\/L lactic acid (pH 5.3) at 37\u00b0C for 30 days. Postdemineralization, enamel loss and surface roughness were assessed using three-dimensional noncontact profilometry. Statistical analysis was performed using independent\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean depth of demineralization was significantly higher in the ECC affected group (9.04 \u00b1 4.08 \u03bcm) compared to the caries-free group (4.45 \u00b1 3.39 \u03bcm). Similarly, the mean surface roughness was higher in the ECC group (2.00 \u00b1 0.79 \u03bcm) than in the N-ECC group (0.87 \u00b1 0.59 \u03bcm).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Primary teeth affected by ECC exhibit significantly greater enamel loss and surface roughness following demineralization. These findings suggest the presence of inherent structural enamel defects in ECC-affected teeth, which may contribute to their increased susceptibility to caries development in children.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_386_26","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:00:54Z","timestamp":1790096454000},"page":"597-601","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enamel surface characteristics in early childhood caries: A comparative in vitro analysis with teeth of caries-free dentition"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Lavanya","family":"Sundararajan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Shanti","family":"Swarup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahesh","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rathika","family":"Thomas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Tamil Nadu, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260923","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2008.06.004","article-title":"Principles of demineralization: Modern strategies for the isolation of organic frameworks. 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