{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:36:06Z","timestamp":1786649766840,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,1]],"date-time":"2025-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735689600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A study was conducted to analyze the stress distribution of masticatory forces on Zirconia (Kids e), Bioflx (Kids e), and experimental Graphene crowns in primary mandibular molars using finite element analysis (FEA). The research aimed to assess the comparative performance of these materials to better understand their suitability for dental applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Settings and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This was an\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                      study conducted using FEA models developed from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of primary mandibular second molars. The study compared stress distribution on three crown materials: Zirconia, Bioflx, and experimental Graphene.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Virtual geometry models (VGMs) of primary second molars, each restored with a Bioflx crown, Graphene crown, and Zirconia crown, were created using CBCT images. The images were processed using specialized software to reconstruct a three-dimensional model of the dentoalveolar structures. These VGMs were then used to perform FEA to evaluate stress distribution under simulated masticatory forces. The crown materials were compared for stress levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Zirconia crowns exhibited the lowest stress values (368.3 MPa), followed by Bioflx crowns (520.92 MPa) and Graphene crowns (555.69 MPa) showing the highest stress levels. The study also found that glass ionomer cement (GIC) type I posed a higher risk of fracture in Graphene crowns, with a stress value of 130.83 MPa.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Zirconia crowns demonstrated superior stress resistance under masticatory forces compared to Bioflx and Graphene crowns in primary mandibular second molars. However, the use of GIC type I with Graphene crowns may increase the risk of fracture, suggesting that material selection and luting agents need careful consideration in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_473_24","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T01:11:11Z","timestamp":1743383471000},"page":"136-142","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of stress distribution of masticatory forces on Zirconia, Bioflx, and Graphene crown in primary mandibular molars using finite element analysis"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Nupur Suresh","family":"Ninawe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharastra"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Airen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Index Institution of Dental Sciences, Indore, Madhya Pradesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nilam Vitthalrao","family":"Honaje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Government Dental College and Hospital, Nagpur, Maharastra"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naveen","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Dentistry, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, KSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Devendra","family":"Nagpal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Ranjeet Deshmukh Dental College and Research Centre, Nagpur, Maharastra"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260423","first-page":"41.","article-title":"Crowns in pediatric dentistry: A review","volume":"4","author":"Garg","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Adv Med Dent Sci Res"},{"key":"R2-20260423","first-page":"123","article-title":"Indications for crowns in pediatric dentistry: A review","volume":"45","author":"Jones","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"R3-20260423","first-page":"e52997.","article-title":"Shaping smiles: A narrative review of crown advancements in pediatric dentistry","volume":"16","author":"Almajed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"R4-20260423","first-page":"756.","article-title":"Comparative evaluation of clinical performance, child and parental satisfaction of Bioflx, zirconia and stainless steel crowns in pediatric 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of finite element analysis in pediatric dentistry","volume":"98","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"R10-20260423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.4103\/ijohs.ijohs_18_17","article-title":"Finite element stress analysis of restored primary teeth: A comparative evaluation between stainless steel crowns and preformed zirconia crowns","volume":"7","author":"Prabhakar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Oral Health Sci"},{"key":"R11-20260423","first-page":"634","article-title":"Properties and applications of graphene in dental materials: A review","volume":"39","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dent Mater"},{"key":"R12-20260423","first-page":"103835.","article-title":"Mechanical behavior of Bioflex crowns and stress distribution on supporting structures: A numerical study","volume":"108","author":"Fernandes","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"R13-20260423","first-page":"1225","article-title":"Stress distribution and deformation behavior of Bioflex and Zirconia crowns in pediatric teeth","volume":"48","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Biomech"}],"container-title":["Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_473_24","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T18:58:11Z","timestamp":1786647491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_473_24"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_473_24","relation":{},"ISSN":["0970-4388","1998-3905"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0970-4388","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3905","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-11-12","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-02-19","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}