{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T20:43:46Z","timestamp":1786653826822,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"\n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Nutritive sucking and nonnutritive sucking (NNS) may affect the craniofacial development, differently.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Aim and Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n We investigated associations between NNS habits (NNSHs), developing malocclusion, and various feeding practices in 3\u20136-year-old children.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methodology:<\/jats:title>\n A sample of 350 children 3\u20136-year-old from various preschools were selected for this case\u2013control study (94 with NNSH and 256 without NNSH). NNSH (outcome) and feeding practices and developing malocclusions (exposures) were assessed using a structured study tool.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n The prevalence of NNSH in 3\u20136-year-old children was 26.8%. The odds (95% [confidence interval (CI)]) of boys compared to girls having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4121\u20131.706) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.0290). The overall prevalence of developing malocclusion in 3\u20136-year-old children was 34.01% out of which open bite was most commonly reported with 12.57% followed by spacing 8.5%, increased overjet 6.8%, crowding 2.2%, posterior crossbite and rotation 1.4%, and overbite 1.14%. Breastfeeding was found to be the most commonly used mode of feeding reported by 53.42% of mothers. It was found that the odds (95% [CI]) of subjects having NNSH were 0.66 (0.4694\u20130.9460) (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.0001) who were not breastfed as compared to those who were breastfed. Among developing malocclusions, increased overjet with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.0019, open bite with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.0416, and spacing with\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.0243 were found to be associated with feeding practices.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n The prevalence of NNSH and developing malocclusions (increased overjet, open bite, and spacing) was 26.8% and 34.01%, respectively. Breastfeeding played a protective role against developing NNSH.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_559_23","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T02:00:09Z","timestamp":1713146409000},"page":"46-51","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Associations between nonnutritive sucking habits, developing malocclusion, and various feeding practices in 3\u20136-year-old Indian urban children: A case\u2013control study"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"42","author":[{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashwin","family":"Jawdekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-362","article-title":"Breastfeeding and sucking habits in children enrolled in a mother-child health program","volume":"7","author":"Lopes","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"R2-20260505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0364-1","article-title":"Effects of breast-feeding duration, bottle-feeding duration and non-nutritive sucking habits on the occlusal characteristics of primary 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