{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:43:19Z","timestamp":1792622599894,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Context:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Preventive orthodontic treatments are performed in the primary or mixed dentition period and provide a proper development of occlusion to avoid dentofacial anomalies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aims:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the Baby-Risk of Malocclusion Assessment Index (ROMA) index regarding ease of use, reproducibility, and the epidemiological assessment of major orthodontic problems in children aged 4\u20136-year-old in Kerman (Iran) kindergartens.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Setting and Design:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1000 children aged 4\u20136 in Kerman (Iran) kindergartens, selected by cluster sampling, and data were collected using the Baby-ROMA index.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After recording a demographic data collection form, the clinical examination of the teeth was carried out by a dental student. The data were analyzed with SPSS 18 using\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">t<\/jats:italic>\n                      -test, analysis of variance, Chi-squared test, and Mann\u2013Whitney test at a significance level of\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, the most common cause of malocclusion was dental caries (7.5%), followed by crossbite (6.1%). Furthermore, 31.6% of the subjects had one type of malocclusion, and 20.5% needed monitoring the occlusion before the growth spurt, while 11.1% needed immediate orthodontic treatment (mostly 6-year-old children). Moreover, 15.3% of the subjects had systemic problems; 3.4% had craniofacial, 22% had dental, and 2% had functional problems. The prevalence of class I canine relationship in the right canines was 82.32%, with 82.5% on the left side. The prevalence of open bite was higher in females with thumb-sucking habit.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Baby-ROMA index presented good reliability and ease of use for evaluating early orthodontic treatment needs in primary and mixed dentition periods.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jisppd.jisppd_9_21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,21]],"date-time":"2024-05-21T04:57:45Z","timestamp":1716267465000},"page":"29-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Baby-Risk of malocclusion assessment index"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Jahanimoghadam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sajad","family":"Nikzad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Habibeh","family":"Ahmadipour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samaneh","family":"Sadeghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reyhaneh","family":"Aftabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-6-20240905","first-page":"829","article-title":"Guest editorial: The berlin declaration on oral health and oral health services","volume":"24","author":"Sheiham","year":"1993","journal-title":"Quint Int"},{"key":"R2-6-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.09.014","article-title":"The timing of early treatment: An overview","volume":"129","author":"Proffit","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R3-6-20240905","first-page":"87","article-title":"The timing of treatment for Class II malocclusions in children: A literature review","volume":"60","author":"King","year":"1990","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"R4-6-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.14219\/jada.archive.2000.0235","article-title":"Early orthodontic treatment: What are the imperatives?","volume":"131","author":"Kluemper","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Dent Assoc"},{"key":"R5-6-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aodf.2006.07.003","article-title":"Early orthodontic treatment: Current clinical perspectives","volume":"100","author":"Musich","year":"2007","journal-title":"Alpha Omegan"},{"key":"R6-6-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2003.70","article-title":"Long-term stability of skeletal Class III patients treated with splints, Class III elastics, and chincup","volume":"123","author":"Ferro","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"R7-6-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2005.04.007","article-title":"Early timely treatment of class III malocclusion","volume":"11","author":"Ngan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Semin Orthodontics"},{"key":"R8-6-20240905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.09.016","article-title":"Is early treatment for Class II malocclusion effective? 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