{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T16:06:09Z","timestamp":1775145969920,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Scientific Scholar","issue":"04","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]],"date-time":"2020-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1582070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":871,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Lab Physicians"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n          INTRODUCTION: Timely treatment of urinary tract infection (UTI) with appropriate antibiotic administration is of immense importance in children to reduce the consequences.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The aim and objective of this study was to assess the temporal changes in the microbiological profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns of uropathogens in pediatric community-acquired UTI.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of data collected over a Scattered period of 5 years. The baseline data collected were from January to December 2009, and the second period considered for comparison was from January to December 2014. Urine specimens from children (&lt;17 years) suspected of UTI were cultured by a semi-quantitative method on cysteine lactose electrolyte-deficient medium. Antibiotic sensitivity was put up by Kirby\u2013Bauer disc diffusion method as per the Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          RESULTS: In the year 2009, 340 of 2104 (16.15%) urine specimens yielded significant colony count, whereas in 2014, it was 407 of 2212 (18.39%) (P = 0.051). Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen and was significantly more prevalent in girls than in boys (P &lt; 0.0001) during both periods. There was a significant overall increase in resistance to ampicillin (from 40.29% to 58.72%), amoxyclav (from 26.17% to 40.54%), nitrofurantoin (from 28.82% to 39.06%), and norfloxacin (from 30% to 41.42%). However, the maximum increase in the resistance was noted for co-trimoxazole from 35.58% in 2009 to 63.39% in 2014 (P = 0.0000058). The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) has also significantly increased from 21.7% to 33.16% (P = 0.0045).<\/jats:p><jats:p>\n          CONCLUSION: Although E. coli remains the prime pathogen in pediatric UTI, the prevalence of resistance has dramatically increased over the 5-year study period. Our study highlights the emergence of community-acquired ESBL-producing uropathogens in children proclaiming treatment challenges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jlp.jlp_149_16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,11]],"date-time":"2017-09-11T05:34:11Z","timestamp":1505108051000},"page":"264-268","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Changing prevalence and antibiotic drug resistance pattern of pathogens seen in community-acquired pediatric urinary tract infections at a tertiary care hospital of North India"],"prefix":"10.25259","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Vrushali","family":"Patwardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Varun","family":"Goel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarman","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Clinical Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"10894","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-1","first-page":"549","volume-title":"Incidence rate of first-time symptomatic urinary tract infection in children under 6 years of age","author":"M\u00e5rild","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-2","first-page":"117","volume-title":"Day- and night-time blood pressure elevation in children with higher grades of renal scarring","author":"Patzer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-3","first-page":"79","volume-title":"Oral versus initial intravenous therapy for urinary tract infections in young febrile children","author":"Hoberman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-4","first-page":"569","volume-title":"Factors affecting renal scarring in posterior urethral valves","author":"Narasimhan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-5","first-page":"13","volume-title":"Antimicrobial resistance in community and nosocomial Escherichia coli urinary tract isolates, London 2005-2006","author":"Bean","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-6","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Choice of antibiotic for empirical therapy of acute cystitis in a setting of high antimicrobial resistance","author":"Biswas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Indian J Med Sci","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0019-5359","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-7","first-page":"709","volume-title":"Revised statement on management of urinary tract infections","author":"Indian","year":"2011","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-8","first-page":"96","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance pattern in uropathogens","author":"Gupta","year":"2002","journal-title":"Indian J Med Microbiol","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0255-0857","issn-type":"print"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-9","unstructured":"Collee G, Duguid P, Fraser G, Marmian P. 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Wayne, PA: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2000."},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-13","first-page":"321","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance patterns of pediatric community-acquired urinary infections","author":"Guidoni","year":"2008","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-14","first-page":"1131","volume-title":"First urinary tract infection in neonates, infants and young children: A comparative study","author":"Kanellopoulos","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-15","first-page":"597","volume-title":"Febrile urinary tract infection in children: Ampicillin and trimethoprim insufficient as empirical mono-therapy","author":"Prelog","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-16","first-page":"222","volume-title":"Antibiotic resistance patterns of outpatient pediatric urinary tract infections","author":"Edlin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-17","first-page":"919","volume-title":"Risk factors in community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria in children","author":"Topaloglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-18","first-page":"780","volume-title":"Risk factors for community-onset urinary tract infections due to Escherichia coli harbouring extended-spectrum beta-lactamases","author":"Calbo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"key-10.4103\/0974-2727.214256-19","first-page":"671","volume-title":"Predictors of mortality from community-onset bloodstream infections due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae","author":"Apisarnthanarak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Laboratory Physicians"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/www.thieme-connect.de\/products\/ejournals\/pdf\/10.4103\/JLP.JLP_149_16.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,24]],"date-time":"2023-12-24T08:14:51Z","timestamp":1703405691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/jlabphy.org\/changing-prevalence-and-antibiotic-drug-resistance-pattern-of-pathogens-seen-in-community-acquired-pediatric-urinary-tract-infections-at-a-tertiary-care-hospital-of-north-india\/"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"04","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,19]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jlp.jlp_149_16","relation":{},"ISSN":["0974-2727","0974-7826"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0974-2727","type":"print"},{"value":"0974-7826","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]}}}