{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:26:07Z","timestamp":1787840767936,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder in which individuals with a 46,XY karyotype exhibit a phenotypically female appearance due to end-organ resistance to androgens. We present a 21-year-old phenotypic female with left groin pain and a palpable right labial mass. Clinical findings included normal breast development, scant pubic and axillary hair, primary amenorrhea, clitoromegaly resembling a microphallus and bifid scrotum-like labia. Imaging revealed a left inguinal undescended testis with hernia and a right testis in the right labia majora, with absent uterus and ovaries. Karyotyping confirmed a 46,XY genotype. After multidisciplinary counselling, the patient chose to retain female gender identity and initiate lifelong oestrogen therapy. Laparoscopic transabdominal pre-peritoneal (TAPP) hernia repair with synchronous bilateral orchidectomy was performed. Recovery was uneventful with excellent cosmesis. This is the first reported case of PAIS managed with combined laparoscopic TAPP hernia repair and bilateral orchidectomy, underscoring the importance of individualised gender-affirming management and the versatility of minimally invasive surgery.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmas.jmas_353_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T11:00:28Z","timestamp":1774004428000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Laparoscopic transabdominal pre-peritoneal hernia repair with bilateral orchidectomy in partial androgen insensitivity syndrome"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Ritika R.","family":"Shrivastav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vedanta Institute of Medical Sciences, Dahanu, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh Kumar P.","family":"Shrivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery, Vedanta Institute of Medical Sciences, Dahanu, Maharashtra, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rekha Rajesh","family":"Shrivastava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shreeji Hospital, Valsad, Gujarat, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302005000100012","article-title":"Androgen insensitivity syndrome:Clinical, hormonal and molecular analysis of 33 cases","volume":"49","author":"Melo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"R3-20260320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/archdischild-2011-300584","article-title":"Male patients with partial androgen insensitivity syndrome:A longitudinal follow-up of growth, reproductive hormones and the development of gynaecomastia","volume":"97","author":"Hellmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"R4-20260320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.4103\/NJCA.NJCA_144_22","article-title":"Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome:A rare case report","volume":"11","author":"Kambale","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat J Clin Anat"},{"key":"R5-20260320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048600","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2023.1048600","article-title":"Case report:Surgery and genetic analysis of a complete androgen insensitivity syndrome family with testicular malignant tumors","volume":"14","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"R6-20260320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3241","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021658","article-title":"Clinical, hormonal, behavioral, and genetic characteristics of androgen insensitivity syndrome in a Brazilian cohort:Five novel mutations in the androgen receptor gene","volume":"88","author":"Melo","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"R7-20260320","first-page":"283","article-title":"The role of gonadal peptides in clinical investigation","volume":"67","author":"Lahlou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Biol Clin (Paris)"},{"key":"R8-20260320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e710","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-1088","article-title":"Changes over time in sex assignment for disorders of sex development","volume":"134","author":"Kolesinska","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"R9-20260320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000002104","article-title":"Critical view of the myopectineal orifice","volume":"266","author":"Daes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"R10-20260320","first-page":"1","article-title":"International guidelines for groin hernia management","volume":"22","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hernia"}],"container-title":["Journal of Minimal Access Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jmas.jmas_353_25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T13:28:38Z","timestamp":1787837318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jmas.jmas_353_25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"references-count":9,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jmas.jmas_353_25","relation":{},"ISSN":["0972-9941","1998-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0972-9941","type":"print"},{"value":"1998-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-08-13","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication 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