{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T13:58:46Z","timestamp":1785506326749,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement is among the most common neurosurgical procedures. Distal shunt failure remains a significant complication, often necessitating revision surgery. Laparoscopic placement offers direct visualisation of catheter positioning and cerebrospinal fluid flow confirmation. This study compares outcomes of open mini-laparotomy versus laparoscopic distal catheter placement.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective observational study of 150 patients (75 per group) undergoing VP shunt placement at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, from May 2017 to April 2020. Group A underwent open mini-laparotomy; Group B underwent laparoscopic distal catheter placement. The primary outcome was distal shunt failure requiring revision surgery. Secondary outcomes included operative duration, post-operative pain (Visual Analogue Scale [VAS]), analgesic requirements, bowel recovery, and hospital stay.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Groups were comparable in demographics. Mean total operative time was similar (86.7 \u00b1 16.7 vs. 87.7 \u00b1 17.0 min;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.699). Abdominal operative time was significantly shorter in Group B (28.5 \u00b1 5.3 vs. 37.7 \u00b1 7.2 min;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Mean VAS score was significantly lower in Group B (2.45 \u00b1 1.09 vs. 4.19 \u00b1 1.15;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001). Post-operative nausea\/vomiting (10.7% vs. 26.7%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.012), analgesic requirement on post-operative day (POD) 2 (26.7% vs. 58.7%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001), and bowel recovery time (2.61 \u00b1 1.10 vs. 6.04 \u00b1 1.86 h;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 0.001) all favoured Group B. Shunt revision rate was significantly lower in Group B (4% vs. 17.3%;\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.015).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Laparoscopic distal VP shunt placement is safe, feasible, and associated with significantly lower shunt revision rates and superior perioperative recovery compared to open mini-laparotomy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmas.jmas_431_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T13:00:51Z","timestamp":1785502851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Conventional versus laparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement: A retrospective study with prospectively collected data"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Anshul","family":"Gupta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Dey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laparoscopic, Laser and General Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anurag","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamajit","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneyhil","family":"Tyagi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir Kumar","family":"Kalra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajesh","family":"Acharya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satnam Singh","family":"Chhabra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shresth","family":"Manglik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laparoscopic, Laser and General Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anmol","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laparoscopic, Laser and General Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tarun","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laparoscopic, Laser and General Surgery, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.4103\/2277-9167.118121","article-title":"Factors influencing shunt malfunction in patients with tuberculous meningitis","volume":"2","author":"Ambeker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Neurosurg"},{"key":"R2-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199808000-00068","article-title":"Randomized trial of cerebrospinal fluid shunt valve design in pediatric hydrocephalus","volume":"43","author":"Drake","year":"1998","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"R3-20260731","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.3171\/PED-08\/01\/040","article-title":"Have we made progress in preventing shunt failure? 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