{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T19:29:06Z","timestamp":1786649346692,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background:<\/jats:title>\n Post-operative pain mainly determines patient satisfaction but largely remains unaddressed owing to a lack of a uniform standardised perioperative pain management regimen, despite several existing recommendations on multimodal analgesic regimens.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Patients and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n This study included patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy or inguinal hernia repair between 31 May 2019 and 31 December 2021. Phase 1 comprised an observational study for assessment of baseline post-operative pain and a root cause analysis for development of a standardised pain management regimen, followed by Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycle(s) until the aim was achieved, i.e. post-operative pain scores on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) \u22643 at 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 12 h, at discharge, 1 week, 6 weeks and 3 months, in at least 70% of patients. Phase 2 included a randomised trial to test the standardised pain management regimen.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n In Phase 1 (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 20), suboptimal pain control was noted till 6 h postoperatively in the majority. The first PDSA cycle (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n = 20) achieved the aim of the quality improvement (QI) study, and the regimen was standardised. Interim analysis revealed significantly lower median pain scores (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05) at all-time intervals. In Phase 2, sixty patients were randomised, 30 in each arm. The number of patients with acceptable pain (VAS \u22643) at 1 h was significantly (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.038) higher in the QI arm, correlating with significantly lower median pain scores (\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.01). However, pain scores at other intervals were comparable.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n A standardised pain management regimen may significantly benefit early post-operative pain following laparoscopic surgery.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmas.jmas_532_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T07:00:07Z","timestamp":1777100407000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A randomised trial validating the efficacy of standardised pain management regimen developed through a quality improvement study in laparoscopic surgery"],"prefix":"10.4103","author":[{"given":"Jasmine","family":"Dhal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical Disciplines, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 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