{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T15:20:39Z","timestamp":1787757639317,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title\/>\n                    <jats:p>Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a relatively rare specific chronic inflammatory process of unknown etiology, that diagnostically overlaps with common breast pathologies in Sudan, namely breast cancer (BC) and tuberculous mastitis (TBM). We report the case of a 34-year-old female who presented with a 1-month history of a painful lump in the lower outer quadrant of her left breast. A tru-cut biopsy showed features of granulomatous inflammation suggestive of IGM. Four months later, she presented with similar features and fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) confirmed the presence of IGM and excluded the presence of both, BC and TBM. Histology once again confirmed the diagnosis of granulomatous mastitis with no evidence of breast cancer. Grocott's Methenamine Silver, Ziehl\u2013Neelsen stain, and polymerase chain reaction were negative and accordingly the possibility of fungal infection and TBM were excluded. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of IGM in Sudan. FNAC helped in correct diagnosis of our case and importantly, conditions such as BC and TBM were both excluded as common mimickers of IGM. Although breast biopsy is the main golden approach in the diagnosis of IGM in addition to the usefulness of adjunct ancillary microbiological techniques, still further research is needed to establish whether FNAC can be a reliable tool in the diagnosis of IGM with the common practice of this diagnostic tool in Sudan.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmau.jmau_51_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,2]],"date-time":"2021-12-02T04:10:33Z","timestamp":1638418233000},"page":"33-35","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Diagnosis of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis in a Sudanese Woman"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Ahmed O.","family":"Almobarak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samar B.","family":"Siddig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed H.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-8-20240830","first-page":"427","article-title":"Granulomatous mastitis including breast tuberculosis and idiopathic lobular granulomatous mastitis","volume":"49","author":"Bakaris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"key":"R2-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/58.6.642","article-title":"Granulomatous mastitis: A lesion clinically simulating carcinoma","volume":"58","author":"Kessler","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"R3-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asjsur.2015.02.003","article-title":"Bilateral idiopathic granulomatous mastitis","volume":"39","author":"Velidedeoglu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"key":"R4-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1093\/jjco\/27.4.274","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Case report and review of the literature","volume":"27","author":"Imoto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"R5-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-102","article-title":"Factors associated with quality of life of outpatients with breast cancer and gynecologic cancers and their family caregivers: A controlled study","volume":"7","author":"Awadalla","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"R6-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3411","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.8.3411","article-title":"Cytomorphologic patterns of breast lesions in Sudanese patients: Lessons learned from fine needle aspiration cytology","volume":"15","author":"Almobarak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"R7-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-509X.58854","article-title":"Frequency of breast cancer among Sudanese patients with breast palpable lumps","volume":"47","author":"Ahmed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Indian J Cancer"},{"key":"R8-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2010.02.002","article-title":"Granulomatous mastitis: presentation, treatment and outcome in 43 patients","volume":"8","author":"Kok","year":"2010","journal-title":"Surgeon"},{"key":"R9-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-005-0476-0","article-title":"Granulomatous lobular mastitis: A complex diagnostic and therapeutic problem","volume":"30","author":"Akcan","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"R10-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.5001\/omj.2011.14","article-title":"Tuberculous mastitis presenting as breast abscess","volume":"26","author":"Tauro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oman Med J"},{"key":"R11-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2007.07.041","article-title":"Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A 25-year experience","volume":"206","author":"Al-Khaffaf","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"R12-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4741.2009.00879.x","article-title":"Granulomatous mastitis: Clinical, pathological features, and management","volume":"16","author":"Ocal","year":"2010","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"key":"R13-8-20240830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.56.7.519","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology of granulomatous mastitis","volume":"56","author":"Tse","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"}],"container-title":["Journal of Microscopy and Ultrastructure"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JMAU.JMAU_51_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T14:47:33Z","timestamp":1787755653000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/JMAU.JMAU_51_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jmau.jmau_51_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["2213-879X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2213-879X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}}}