{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T18:24:13Z","timestamp":1788719053866,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"\n Objectives:<\/jats:title>\n The objective of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of \u03b2-aescin against common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n \n Agar well diffusion assay was used to determine the antibacterial activity of \u03b2-aescin against common Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria including\n Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n . Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) of \u03b2-aescin were evaluated by serial dilution method.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results:<\/jats:title>\n \n \u03b2-aescin led to significant antibacterial effects on the tested Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria compared to the negative control,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.05 for\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n and\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n and\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01 for\n E. coli, S. epidermidis,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n . On the other hand, \u03b2-aescin produced a comparable less antibacterial effect on\n K. pneumoniae, E. coli,<\/jats:italic>\n and\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n compared to the positive control,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01, whereas \u03b2-aescin illustrated a comparable effect with that of the positive control on Gram-positive\n S. epidermidis,<\/jats:italic>\n P<\/jats:italic>\n = 0.05. Furthermore, \u03b2-aescin illustrated a concentration-dependent antibacterial effect against Gram-positive\n S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n compared to the different concentrations,\n P<\/jats:italic>\n < 0.01. MIC and MBC of \u03b2-aescin were high for Gram-negative bacteria and low for Gram-positive bacteria compared to MIC of the positive control.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n \n \u03b2-aescin is an effective antibacterial herb mainly against Gram-positive\n S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic>\n and\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n in a concentration-dependent manner.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmau.jmau_56_19","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,8]],"date-time":"2021-01-08T09:54:35Z","timestamp":1610099675000},"page":"26-30","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Aesculus hippocastanum-Derived Extract \u03b2-Aescin and In vitro Antibacterial Activity"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Salma L.","family":"Dahash","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ourba 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