{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T14:35:42Z","timestamp":1787841342415,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"3","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a common problem affecting the women of reproductive age group and may also have a significant impact on their physical, social, and emotional aspects directly affecting their quality of life. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) devised a universally acceptable system of nomenclature and classification, namely PALM\u2013COEIN classification of AUB in the year 2011. The objective of the present study was to analyze the structural (PALM) and functional (COEIN) component of FIGO system in the Indian scenario.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three hundred patients with complaints of AUB were taken. A clinical diagnosis according to PALM\u2013COEIN system was made after thorough history and clinical examination. Additional investigations if required were done, and endometrial sampling or hysterectomy was done whichever indicated. A histological diagnosis was made, and each case was allocated a category according to PALM\u2013COEIN classification. A clinicopathological correlation was done in the hysterectomy cases for structural causes (PALM).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Leiomyoma (30%) was the most common cause of AUB closely followed by adenomyosis (29.66%) overall. The clinicopathological correlation in hysterectomy cases was good with concordance rate of 85.03%. The concordance between clinical and pathological diagnoses for AUB-L, AUB-A, AUB-M, and AUB-A, L was statistically significant with\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; 05 in positive cases. However, additional finding of adenomyosis was diagnosed in 48.2% of the cases apart from primary clinical diagnosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A good clinicopathological correlation was seen in the cases when classified according to PALM\u2013COEIN classification. The system also provides for consideration of multiple etiologies contributing toward AUB both clinically and histopathologically. However, histopathology remains the cornerstone in establishing the accurate diagnosis as the cases without specific symptoms can be missed clinically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmh.jmh_128_18","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T01:29:18Z","timestamp":1569288558000},"page":"147-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["A Clinicopathological Correlation of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics's PALM\u2013COEIN Classification of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding: Indian Scenario"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kanika","family":"Singh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charu","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mukta","family":"Pujani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sujata","family":"Raychaudhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nimisha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Varsha","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raina","family":"Chawla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Ahuja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitasha","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College, Faridabad, Haryana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","reference":[{"key":"R1-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2015.11.012","article-title":"Abnormal uterine bleeding","volume":"34","author":"Whitaker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"key":"R2-20250920","first-page":"216","article-title":"Morphological spectrum of endometrial pathology in middle-aged women with atypical uterine bleeding: A study of 219 cases","volume":"4","author":"Jetley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Midlife Health"},{"key":"R3-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.12703\/P7-33","article-title":"Recent advances in managing and understanding menstrual disorders","volume":"7","author":"Bahamondes","year":"2015","journal-title":"F1000Prime Rep"},{"key":"R4-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.5152\/eurasianjmed.2017.16269","article-title":"Assessment of endometrial sampling and histopathological results: Analysis of 4,247 cases","volume":"49","author":"Inal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eurasian J Med"},{"key":"R5-20250920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2010.11.011","article-title":"FIGO Working Group on Menstrual Disorders. 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