{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T02:23:12Z","timestamp":1789179792336,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":10,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"4","content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Genitourinary syndrome (GSM) of menopause is due to hypoestrogenism affecting the vagina and lower urinary tract. Atrophic changes manifesting as complete labial fusion (CLF) are rare. They may present with urinary incontinence and cannot be classified as stress or urge urinary incontinence. We report a case of 68-year-old postmenopausal women who presented with symptoms of urinary incontinence secondary to CLF. Surgical correction and restoration of the labial anatomy with topical estrogen lead to successful management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmh.jmh_34_20","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]],"date-time":"2021-01-21T09:12:05Z","timestamp":1611220325000},"page":"257-259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Complete Labial Fusion Causing Pseudo-Urinary Incontinence: A Long-Term Sequelae of Genitourinary Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tanvir","family":"Tanvir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tanvir Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meeta","family":"Meeta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tanvir Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akanshi","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tanvir Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"276","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"R1-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2016.07.045","article-title":"Genitourinary syndrome of menopause: An overview of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology, etiology, evaluation, and management","volume":"215","author":"Gandhi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"R2-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1097\/gme.0b013e3181a48c4e","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low dose regimes of conjugated estrogen cream administered vaginally","volume":"16","author":"Bachmann","year":"2009","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"R3-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-003-1067-y","article-title":"Labial fusion causing urinary incontinence in a postmenopausal female: A case report","volume":"14","author":"Julia","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"R4-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-018-3821-1","article-title":"Labial adhesions in postmenopausal women: Presentation and management","volume":"30","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"R5-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crwh.2019.e00101","article-title":"Postmenopausal complete labial fusion and pseudo-incontinence: A case series","volume":"21","author":"Mikos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep Womens Health"},{"key":"R6-20250922","first-page":"491","article-title":"A case of labial fusion and urinary pseudo-incontinence in an elderly woman. A surgical treatment and a review","volume":"14","author":"Palla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"R7-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.05.032","article-title":"Labial fusion causing pseudo incontinence in an elderly woman","volume":"19","author":"Acharya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"R8-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-007-0415-8","article-title":"Urinary incontinence secondary to severe labial agglutination","volume":"19","author":"Pulvino","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"R9-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000000956","article-title":"Breast cancer, endometrial cancer, and cardiovascular events in participants who used vaginal estrogen in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study","volume":"25","author":"Crandall","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menopause"},{"key":"R10-20250922","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1097\/GME.0000000000001284","article-title":"Vaginal estrogen use and chronic disease risk in the Nurses' Health Study","volume":"26","author":"Bhupathiraju","year":"2018","journal-title":"Menopause"}],"container-title":["Journal of Mid-life Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jmh.JMH_34_20","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T15:45:39Z","timestamp":1787067939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.ovid.com\/10.4103\/jmh.JMH_34_20"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"references-count":10,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jmh.jmh_34_20","relation":{},"ISSN":["0976-7800","0976-7819"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0976-7800","type":"print"},{"value":"0976-7819","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-27","name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-11-21","name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}