{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T16:40:33Z","timestamp":1787071233300,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["lww.com","ovid.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>\n                    A\n                    <jats:sc>BSTRACT<\/jats:sc>\n                  <\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among Indian women due to change in life style, reproductive patterns and rapid urbanization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A systematic search was conducted for case control studies published between January 2010 and April 2025. Data were extracted from 19 studies. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) ,heterogeneity was assessed with I\u00b2 statistics, while publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger\u2019s test. Study quality was appraised using the Newcastle\u2013Ottawa Scale.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sociodemographic risks included unmarried status (OR=1.96; 95% CI: 1.09\u20133.54) and late age at marriage &gt; 21 years (OR= 2.66; 95% CI: 1.90\u20133.73). Family history of breast cancer doubled the risk (OR=2.35; 95% CI: 1.73\u20133.18), and past benign breast disease showed a strong association (OR=4.28; 95% CI: 2.50\u20137.35). Central obesity (WHR &gt; 0.85) significantly increased risk (OR=2.74; 95% CI: 1.85\u20134.07), although BMI &gt; 25 kg\/m\u00b2 alone was not significant. Lifestyle factors such as non-vegetarian diet (OR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.19\u20132.21), tobacco use (OR=1.67; 95% CI: 1.24\u20132.24), and high-fat diet (OR=4.20; 95% CI: 2.76\u20136.42) demonstrated strong associations. Reproductive risk factors\u2014including early menarche (OR =1.95), late menopause (OR=1.92), OCP use (OR=2.01), low parity (OR=1.52), previous abortions (OR=2.48), and breastfeeding &lt;6 months (OR= 4.12)\u2014were all significantly linked to higher risk. Several subgroups exhibited notable heterogeneity and occasional publication bias.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Modifiable risks present critical opportunities for prevention.Women with non-modifiable factors warrant targeted screening and risk stratification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.4103\/jmh.jmh_376_25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T07:01:02Z","timestamp":1775199662000},"page":"130-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/lww.0000000000001000","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comprehensive Meta-analysis of Risk Factors for Breast Cancer among Indian Women"],"prefix":"10.4103","volume":"17","author":[{"given":"Jyothi G.","family":"Seshadri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, M. S. 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